Recently, indoor fireplaces and stoves are back in fashion. The process of their creation is quite complicated, therefore, it must be carried out by experienced stove-makers. To create a furnace, you need to purchase many special devices. The grate is one of the most important elements. It is designed to ensure a uniform, constant supply of air to the fuel and the timely removal of slag and ash. Modern industry produces solid and prefabricated gratings. The latter are assembled from several grates.
Depending on the fuel used and the design of the stove, different parts are used. Grate grates are divided into movable and fixed. The latter are divided into such subspecies: tiled basket; tiled flat; beam grate. The fixed grate is formed from beam and tiled flat grates. Movable consists of traction, axis and lattice. Such parts are made with a vertical (vibrating) and horizontal axis of rotation (oscillating and full rotation).
In the process of cleaning them from slag and ashgratings can be rotated by means of a rod around the axis. The swinging grate is able to move around its horizontal axis by 30°. Swinging from time to time, such grates perfectly loosen the slag, so the non-combustible mass quickly falls from the fuel section into the ash pan. Such parts make it much easier to clean the stove and improve the combustion process.
Moving grates are used, as a rule, in continuous combustion furnaces. They consist of 2 articulated plate gratings that are able to rotate around the vertical axis by 180°.
In fireboxes, grates are laid end-to-end on recesses hewn in bricks or on whole bricks. These furnace elements are mainly made of high-quality cast iron, which slightly oxidizes at high temperatures and under the influence of oxygen. The grate for the furnace is made in a conical or wedge shape, as it facilitates falling through the holes between the plates of fine slag and ash.
The amount of air passing through the grate into the firebox depends entirely on its "live" section. By this concept is meant the ratio of the sum of the area of the gaps to the total area of the lattice. It is expressed as a percentage. The shape of the grates, their cross-section and thickness directly depend on the type of fuel used and the size of its fractions.
Coarse grain fuels such as peat or coal burn most efficiently on beam grates,which are formed in the form of a lattice with a cross section of 20-40% (relative to its total area). When burning multi-ash and small-sized fuels with a small release of volatile substances, tile grates with a cross section of 10-15% are used. Its outer dimensions determine the total area.
The grate is laid so that its gaps (holes) are located along the firebox, in the direction from the door to the rear wall. In addition, the narrow sides of her slits should be directed upwards.
