Scissors are a multifunctional and very useful tool with a thousand-year history. Its design has undergone only minor changes over the centuries since its invention. There are many types of scissors. There are universal and special tools that are used in almost all spheres of human life.
household
Universal, economic, household - you can call them whatever you like. This type is characterized by a simple characteristic design and straight blades. Every person in the house has at least a couple of such scissors. They are designed for cutting paper, fabric, cutting threads, etc. Often used in the kitchen.
Household scissors differ in size, shape and material of the handle, the metal from which the blades are made, and the shape of sharpening. There are models for right-handers and left-handers. When buying, first of all, you need to pay attention to the quality of steel - stainless steel blades will last a long time, while a lower-quality alloy will quickly become dull and rusty. The configuration and material of the handle also matters:the anatomically correct shape ensures comfort while working, while the non-slip plastic or silicone ensures safety.
Kitchenware
These tools are designed to create a variety of culinary masterpieces. There are several types of scissors:
- Universal. That is, ordinary household ones, but they received a permanent residence permit in the temple of gluttony. For hygienic reasons, they should not be used anywhere after this.
- Multifunctional. They are distinguished by a wide and comfortable handle and various additions - a recess for cracking nuts, a modified edge of one of the blades designed for opening bottles, a finely serrated cutting edge, etc. Sometimes a spring is provided in the design - it facilitates the work, since a person needs to apply less effort.
- Specialized.
The latter, in turn, are divided as follows:
- For meat and poultry. The blades are curved and the handles are wide apart for maximum grip. Often equipped with a spring, which helps to obtain the effect of amplification. This type of scissors is particularly durable and is able to cut not only meat and skin, but also small bones.
- For greenery. They can be recognized by several parallel blades. This design allows you to do a lot of work in a short time.
Stationery
This look is also almost the same as utility scissors. They differ only in that clerical scissors are usually understood in the range from 130 to240 mm. But most people prefer to have a 160mm to 210mm model in the office.
Quality office tools are made of hardened stainless steel. Such products can be either all-metal, which makes them stronger and more durable, or with a handle made of plastic or silicone, round, oval, ellipsoidal or ergonomic, symmetrical or asymmetric in shape. Often on sale there are models with a titanium or nickel coating, double and triple sharpening.
Hairdressers
There are four main types of scissors for hairdressing:
Straight scissors. Designed for cutting and thinning. They differ from household ones in their special sharpness, sharpening angle and the presence of sharp tips (for universal tips, they are often rounded). Straight hairdressing scissors differ in the length of the blade: there are long (6 cm), medium (5 cm) and short (4.5 cm)
- Thinning. They are divided into two-sided (both blades are toothed) and one-sided (one blade with teeth). The latter cut more hair when working.
- Flag. One canvas on them is serrated or straight, and a curly nozzle is put on the other. Designed for cutting and thinning.
- Hot. The shape is ordinary straight scissors, but in fact it is an electrical device that can heat the blades to the desired temperature. Hot cloths, when working, seem to “seal” the cut of the hair, because of which they do not split for a long time and do not dry out.
There are also manicure and forcuticle removal.
For cutting and sewing
It is important to use the right tool when working with fabric. And with ordinary universal scissors it is not always possible to cut light chiffon or dense drape with high quality.
So the pros use these tools:
- For cutting. Standard scissors with 25 cm straight blades.
- For thread trimming. They have an unusual shape, somewhat reminiscent of tweezers. They are used for trimming threads and for ripping seams.
- For embroidery. They are also called "herons" because of the bizarre curved shape. An indispensable tool for creating cut-out embroidery and appliqués.
- Zigzag. This tool cuts the edges of fabrics that do not need stitching. On sale there are models with different tooth pitches, usually from 5 to 7 mm.
- For silk. Micro sharpened tool for a perfect cut.
- With round ends. Allows you to cut complex curved patterns and multi-layered fabrics without gouges.
- Folding. These are mini scissors for a travel tailor's set.
Metal shears: general classification
Modern scissors for cutting metal cope with material both thin and thick. They are divided into many types and types and differ in both appearance and application.
Professional metal scissors are classified according to several criteria. By cutting type:
- Knife. They, in turn, are classified according to the direction of the cut into left and right. And according to the shape of the cut - into curves and straight lines.
- Cutting.
By degree of mechanization:
- Manual.
- Electrical.
Hand metal scissors
Now let's take a closer look at the hand tool. It includes all those devices for the operation of which you need to use the physical strength of a person.
This is a large subgroup of a wide variety of tools, among which the following types of scissors can be distinguished:
- Regular. They are made with straight, curved or combined blades. Designed for cutting sheets of steel and non-ferrous metal up to 1.5 mm thick.
- Lever. Attach to workbench. The blades are connected to the handle with a hinge, which creates additional leverage and facilitates work. The tool cuts sheets up to 2.5mm thick.
- Chair or roofing. One handle is clamped in a vise or driven into a rigid base, which provides more compressive force. You can cut profiled sheets up to 2.5 mm, but this tool is inefficient and inconvenient.
- Hydraulic. This is a separate group of cutting tools. Hydraulic shears are divided into manual (compact portable devices for cutting cables and fittings up to 20 mm thick) and large (mechanisms that are attached to the base machine, and with which they dismantle metal structures and dispose of old cars, boats, trains, etc.).
- Roller scissors. They are also called discs. As a working part in the design, circular knives are used, which, when rotated, cut the metal. Usually in such models there are 2 rollers - one above and one below, and the workpiece is fed between them.
If the rollers are parallel, then the tool is designed for cutting sheet metal into strips. If one disk is inclined, then the device is used for cutting ring and disk blanks. If both rollers are tilted, then the shears are designed to work with discs and circles of small radius.
Electric scissors: types
These tools are classified by type of food and purpose. Electric scissors can be divided into 2 main categories according to the type of power used: mains and battery. Networked ones receive electricity from the network through a cord, rechargeable ones have energy reserves and are more mobile, but need to be recharged.
By purpose, electric scissors are divided into:
- leaf;
- slotted;
- cutting.
Sheet cut metal up to 3-5 mm thick. Structurally, they resemble ordinary ones, in which one blade moves, and the second does not. Opening with this tool can only be started from the edge of the sheet.
Slotted blades are structurally different in the shape of the blades: the upper one has a U-shape with two cutting edges and does not move during operation, the lower one reciprocates.
The advantage of the device is that its cutting part is narrow and allows cutting even in hard-to-reach places, and cuttingYou can start from anywhere on the sheet. The downsides are that this is one of the weakest scissors with a maximum workpiece thickness of up to 2 mm and a small turning radius.
Necking (temporal) scissors are designed to work with any type of profile - straight, tubular or corrugated. The working body consists of two parts: a punch and a matrix. In fact, this is a miniature punch press, which is manually moved along the desired contour. This is a mobile, powerful and high-performance device, the main disadvantage of which is the excessive consumption of metal due to the wide cut.
Separately, it is worth talking about press scissors. These are the heavyweights among all the aforementioned tools. They are used for cutting sheet metal into dimensional blanks, cutting long and shaped rolled products, cutting grooves and holes, etc.
This kind of scissors is classified as: manual, hydraulic and container tools. Their working part is similar to a guillotine, but reinforced with a press. This equipment is widely used in industry and metal processing. More compact models of shear presses are widely used in metalwork workshops and small-scale production.
