Electric stoves are becoming more and more common among city dwellers. This is due to the expanded capabilities of such equipment and the ban on the supply and installation of a gas system in multi-storey buildings. Consider how to properly connect the electric stove.
Types of electric stoves
There are several classifications.
According to the material of execution:
- Enamelled. The heating element in such models is of two types: pancake (cast iron), spiral. There are combined options with connection to gas and electricity.
- Glass-ceramic. The heating element in such stoves is a spiral, corrugated tape, halogen lamps.
- Induction. They can be attributed to a subspecies of glass-ceramic stoves, but instead of a heating element, an electromagnetic coil is built in.
By design:
- Free standing. Such appliances may have an oven in their configuration.
- Desktop. Popularity is due to compactness, mobility. Often the connection of an electric stove of this type is usedin the country. There are models with a built-in oven.
- Embedded. This technique has gained immense popularity due to its ergonomics. The existing assortment allows you to fit such equipment into any interior. As a rule, such equipment is divided into a hob and an oven.
By the number of burners: from one to six.
By intensity of use:
- household;
- professional.
By power consumption:
- low-power (with the ability to connect to a 220 V network);
- powerful (connecting an electric stove with your own hands to 380 V).
By type of management:
- mechanical;
- touch.
As you can see, along with the classic models in our time, you can also buy "smart" appliances.
Let's consider how each type of household equipment of this kind works.
Design features. How it works
Each electric stove has its own design features.
Enamelled
The heating element is a high resistivity metal coil. The principle of operation is based on the release of thermal energy when current passes through a resistive heating element. This is typical for solid (cast iron) models, and for spiral ones. There is only one difference: in the first version, the heating element is located inside the burner.
Glass-ceramic
The principle of operation is the same as in enameled plates, withthe only difference is that the heating element can be not only a classic spiral, but also a corrugated tape, halogen lamps.
Induction
But this technique differs in the principle of operation. The heating element is an electromagnetic coil, which, by passing a current through itself, creates a field. It, in turn, generates induced high-frequency currents in the dishes. Guidance occurs due to lines of force through the bottom of the dish. Therefore, for such stoves, specialized kitchen utensils are needed.
As you can see, the principle of operation of induction models is significantly different from other options. Which technique is better?
Advantages and disadvantages
Connecting an electric stove to the network is inevitable, regardless of the type. Consider each option in terms of advantages and disadvantages during operation.
Enamelled
Different in simple design, moderate cost and easy repair at a low price. For washing, ordinary, available cleaning products are used. As for the disadvantages, an open spiral is a danger of receiving an electric shock at the time of operation, frequent replacement of the spiral is necessary. For cast iron minus - a long time of heating and cooling, respectively, increased energy costs.
Glass-ceramic
The hob has a high thermal conductivity, which allows you to heat dishes and food much faster than the classic version, and this significantly reduces energy costs. Possibility of installationaccurate heating. The heating element is protected by a glass-ceramic coating, which significantly extends its life. Surface maintenance is much easier, it has a perfectly flat plane. The price of equipment of such a plan is much higher, more expensive and more difficult to repair, abrasives and cleaning powders are contraindicated for washing, special dishes with a flat, smooth bottom are required for cooking. If the model has low sides, then if food is spilled, it may leak onto the floor.
Induction models
From the point of view of energy savings, the most advantageous option. The burners begin to heat up only when there is a pan on the stove, if it is removed, then an automatic shutdown occurs. Otherwise, this type of equipment has the advantages characteristic of glass-ceramic models, but the price of repairs and the equipment itself is much higher. Moreover, one more requirement is imposed on the dishes - magnetic properties.
When choosing one or another model, you should pay attention to the technical data, find out if it is possible to connect the electric stove to the existing wiring (socket).
Important characteristics when choosing
When purchasing new equipment, you should rely on a number of technical data:
- Dimensions. 3 parameters should be measured: width, depth, height.
- Power consumption. Depending on the manufacturer, model, availability of the oven, it can range from 1.5 kW to 8 kW. It is better to take a class not lower than "A". Such equipment will save on electricity consumption. This dataindicated in the passport for the equipment.
- Complete set. The presence of a cable and plug from the factory. Most often they are missing.
All other parameters are selected based on personal preferences.
Having decided on the model, they revise the existing electrical wiring. If the power of the equipment does not match the cross-section of the cable, it will need to be replaced.
Connection conditions
Modern stoves have a lot of power, so before you buy the chosen model, you need to evaluate the existing electrical wiring system. Most often, such equipment is sold without a plug and wire, because factories provide for connecting the electric stove in three ways. The desired one is selected at the installation site, which has a number of requirements.
It is necessary to have a free end of the wire up to 2 meters in place. This will allow you to move the equipment in the future for repair work or to wash the floor under it.
The cross section of the cable must correspond to the declared power consumption. It's even better if you have a stock. This is especially true for intensive use of the stove and oven.
The cable must be solid, without soldering or joints.
The wiring for the stove is supplied separately, and a separate machine must be provided in the shield.
Regardless of the model, household appliances are more often connected through a power outlet. But first, let's consider what cable is needed to connect the electric stove.
Wire selection
Bapartment buildings most often provide for a single-phase connection of plates, so builders leave a free end of the wire with a cross section of 4 mm2. These parameters are suitable for stoves with a power of not more than 13 kW.
If the wiring is not provided, outdated, then you should choose the right wire to connect the electric stove, which must meet the following parameters.
The cores must be only copper (established by the regulatory document PUE 7.1.34).
The number of cores matters. For apartments, a single-phase connection is most common, a three-core cable is taken for it (phase L, zero N, ground PE). In private houses, a three-phase, five-core cable can be provided (three phases L1 L2 L3, zero N, ground PE).
The cross section of the wire for a 220 V network must be at least 6 square meters. mm, according to SP 31-110-2003 (clause 9.2). This is an average value, the value can vary in both directions depending on the technical data of the plate itself. For three-phase installation, the cable must be five-core with a cross section of at least 2.5 square meters. mm. You can determine the cable cross-section using special calculators or tables.
Cable brand required VVG; VVG-ng; PVA; SHVV. To connect the stove to the network, you can use PVA or KG.
Wiring must be done separately.
Mandatory presence of a separate machine in the shield. RCD according to regulatory documents can not be set for household appliances. But given that the electric stove is an increased source of danger,better to foresee. The machine for a single-phase installation is selected with a rated current of 32 A (RCD for 40 A), for three-phase - a three-pole machine for 16 A, RCD for 25 A.
The cable for connecting the electric stove must be laid in a separate line, other points (sockets, lighting) must not be hung on it. Most often, hidden wiring is used.
Selection and installation of a power outlet
Having decided which cable is needed to connect the electric stove, choose a power outlet.
It must meet the following requirements:
- The rated current of the socket and plug must match the parameters of the machine and the number of strands of the wire;
- the type of power outlet depends on the way the cable is laid (hidden or open);
- should buy a product made of quality non-combustible materials.
There are a number of points to consider when installing an outlet:
- installation is carried out on a flat non-combustible surface;
- cannot be installed near hot surfaces, heating systems, water supply;
- core connection must be made according to the scheme, without confusing colors;
- screw terminals should firmly fix the contacts;
- after installation, you need to check for a short circuit.
After the installation of the socket, they proceed to the installation of the equipment itself.
Installation and connection of electric stove
After delivery of the equipment, it should be unpacked and checked for completeness, lack ofvisible marriage. Before starting work, you should carefully study the instructions and the connection diagram. Remove unnecessary components, install by level.
Unscrew the panel covering the terminals on the back of the equipment. Three connection schemes are duplicated there.
As mentioned earlier, rarely do manufacturers supply household models with a wire and a power plug. Therefore, the purchase of a cable and a power outlet with a plug is carried out independently. Let's look at three ways to make the connection of an electric gas stove with your own hands.
Single phase
In this installation, the phase (red) is connected to terminals L1, L2, L3. Since the wire is three-core, copper jumpers are installed on the contacts (they come with the equipment). On N1, N2 set zero (blue) and a copper jumper. PE - earth (green). All contacts are tightened, the cable is fixed with a special clamp. The lid is put back on. The socket has 3 contacts: the top one is ground, the two bottom ones are phase and zero.
Three-phase
Different from the previous phase connection. Each terminal has its own wire. The color should be according to the scheme. Everything else is done similarly to single-phase.
Two-phase
Put a jumper on phase L1, L2 and connect one of the ends of the phase, on L3 - the second. The rest of the installation is carried out similarly to the previous two.
After installation, you need to make a test run according to the instructions for the technician.
Connecting an electric stoveindependent will not cause difficulties if you follow the instructions and safety precautions during installation. All work must be done with the system de-energized.
Features of installation of some brands
Connecting the Gorenje electric stove can be done both in a single-phase circuit and in a three-phase one. It all depends on the power supply. All stages of work are described above. The connection of the Hansa electric stove also does not have any features and is carried out according to the general scheme.
It is worth paying special attention to the warranty. Incorrect installation can lead to equipment breakdown, and this will be the reason for the service center to refuse to carry out free repairs. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to carry out the installation by the hands of a specialist who has a special license for such work. The connection is marked in the passport in case of misunderstandings.
Connecting a gas electric stove
The design of such equipment allows the use of both electricity and gas. There are two versions: with installation to the gas distribution network and with a gas cylinder. You should be aware that in order to use gas equipment in an apartment building in which such a system is not provided, a special permit will be required.
Otherwise, two important points can be noted: the connection to the gas distribution network must be carried out by a specialist of the gas supplier company, who puts the appropriate mark in the passport. In the future, this organizationequipment maintenance. Installation to the network does not impose special requirements. For combined stoves, a 16 A grounded euro socket is sufficient.
Conclusion
As you can see, you can connect a household electric stove yourself.
But if there is no self-confidence, it is better to consult a specialist. In the future, this will reduce the cost of paid repairs of equipment due to improper installation.
So, we found out how to connect an electric (gas) stove with our own hands.
