Any newly built business, manufacturing, public or residential facility is first connected to the power grid. Many questions from consumers are caused by the sequence of actions that determine the connection. The technological rationale for the complex process is set out in government regulations and guidelines, where the general connection procedure is broken down into appropriate sections to simplify work.
Types of objects allowed for technological connection
Regulatory documents contain a list of consumers who are connected to public electrical networks:
- buildings that are put into operation for the first time;
- buildings previously operated, but for various reasons requiring an increase in capacity;
- objects without increasing capacity, but changing the reliability category due to the transition to another type of production or activity.
The rules for technological connection provide that the repeated connection procedure for propertythe owner of the object is not changed. Any claims from the owner of the network on the issue of re-payment for the procedure are not logical.
Procedure for connecting to electric networks
Connection is carried out in a strictly defined order and includes the following steps:
- consumer applies for technological connection to electric networks according to the standard sample;
- a work agreement is signed between the owner of the facility and the owner of the network;
- organization that owns the power grid prepares specifications according to existing regulations, they are approved by the system operator and neighboring network owners;
- engineering and technical workers of the network service produce design documents in accordance with the specifications;
- the consumer orders a project at the institute on his own, it must meet all the requirements of the technical specifications;
- in some cases, the Russian legislation on the construction of cities cancels the development of projects for connection;
- the parties fulfill the terms of the agreement regarding the connection;
- the owner of the network organizes a control check of the fulfillment by the consumer of the specifications;
- legal offices and entrepreneurs operating with a power consumption of more than 100 kW and individuals with the same indicator of more than 15 kW undergo a mandatory inspection of electrical installations in the presence of a representative of Rostekhnadzor;
- after verification, grid workers actually connect the consumer and supply electricity.
Date inwhich are technologically connected to power grids
For temporary connection of the owner of the building for a period of not more than six months, provided that the power lines are 300 m away from the point of consumption, the work time is 15 working days. Law firms and industries requiring no more than 100 kW of power for their activities and individuals connecting to networks with a voltage of up to 20 kW wait up to six months for connection if the source of electricity is not further than 300 m in the city, 500 m in the village.
Up to a year, objects with a capacity of not more than 750 kW are connected to the power grid. If the consumer needs a quick connection, then the time periods are set in an agreement between the owner of the building and the network administration. For more than two years, we have been connecting production facilities, the equipment of which requires a voltage of more than 750 kW for operation. Terms can be extended by agreement of the parties up to 4 years, but no more.
Select network organization
Near the territory of a business entity there may be several power lines, cable wires, transformer substations, to which connection is made. To start work, the consumer determines which organization he will work with, taking into account the following factors:
- distance of the power source from the receiving device;
- voltage level in nearby networks.
Distance from site boundariesdetermined by a straight line to the nearest electrical facility or network. The rules for technological connection provide that the consumer connects the equipment to electrical networks of the class indicated in the application. If the owner of the production wants to connect the site to lines of higher power, then expensive work on the installation of a step-down substation awaits him.
If several lines of equal connection terms pass near the borders of a private trader, then an application for technological connection is submitted to any of the network organizations. The absence of power sources closer than 300 m from the site gives the consumer the right to cooperate with any nearby owner.
In response to his application, within 15 days, the owner of the connection source sends to the consumer, the connection power of which is determined in the range from 100 to 750 kW, the contract signed on his part and the required technical conditions. If the private trader did not indicate all the required information in the application or the necessary documents are missing, then the owners of the network notify him of this fact and explain the list of required papers.
Rules for filing an application
The application for connection to the power grid is made in two copies and sent by mail to the address of the network organization by registered mail with return notification. A list is added to the envelope - an inventory of all sent documents. In the application of consumers connecting electricity for domestic needs (no more than 15 kW),the following information is indicated:
- applicant's address and place of residence;
- name and address of the site, house, building that are being prepared for connection;
- project deadlines and the queue for commissioning power-receiving equipment, indicating the time for each stage;
- the size of the maximum required power, according to which the connection is carried out, the technological justification of the energy load.
Application from legal entities and entrepreneurs
Application for the connection of electricity by law firms or entrepreneurs whose production level requires a power of not more than 100 kW contains four additional information items to the above list of information:
- name of the enterprise and details of the owner of production facilities, law firms indicate the number in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, individual entrepreneurs indicate the number in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and the period for placing it in the register, individuals indicate the last name, first name, patronymic and data from the passport;
- distributing power over all commissioning queues and indicating the reliability category separately for all power appliances and devices;
- type of future energy load, indicating the planned type of economic activity;
- owner's proposals regarding cash settlements and conditions for providing installment payment for the work done by the network organization.
Documents for the application
RequiredIn order, consumers of all categories attach the following information papers:
- drawing or schematic representation of the location of equipment that is connected to the power supply;
- scheme for laying private consumer networks, through which technological connection to networks is carried out;
- list and technical specifications of all devices that can be connected to emergency control devices;
- copies of papers confirming the ownership of property or other legal grounds for consumer objects;
- if another person is involved in the connection instead of the owner, then a power of attorney to conduct business by the representative of the customer.
The procedure for concluding a contract
The unilaterally signed connection agreement is sent by the network administration to the consumer within 15 days from the date of receipt of his application for connection. The technological justification and conditions within this period are sent to legal entities and entrepreneurs whose connection capacity is up to 100 kW, or individuals connecting to networks with a voltage of up to 15 kW (for domestic consumption).
If we are talking about other consumers who do not fall under this description, technical documents are sent to them within 30 days from the date of application. Having received the conditions and the contract, the applicant studies the documents and, if he agrees with them, signs the agreement and sends the papers in one copy to the office of the network owner, and keeps the second set.
If the future consumer does notagrees with certain clauses of the contract, or considers it to be inconsistent with the standards, then he has the right to send a reasoned refusal to sign to the organization and demand that the provisions of the contract be corrected in accordance with the law. In order to avoid conflict, such documents are sent by registered mail with a return acknowledgment of receipt.
The network administration is obliged to conduct a study of the received papers, and send a response to the consumer within 5 days from the date of receipt of the rejection letter. The consumer is given a period of one month to sign the contract or a reasoned refusal to do so. If after this time there is no action on his part, the application for connection will be canceled.
Important clauses of the contract
Any contract contains the following conditions that are important for connection:
- list of activities to be performed if technological connection of energy devices is carried out;
- obligations of both parties to fulfill the contract;
- end date for each stage of technological connection;
- determination of liability in case of violation of each clause of the contract, established in accordance with the norms of the law;
- indicates the measure of the operational responsibility of the parties and the measure of the boundaries of the balance sheet ownership of electric networks;
- payment for technological connection in accordance with the norms;
- payment procedure for work and transfer methodFinance.
The administration of the network organization cannot force the consumer to perform actions that are not prescribed in the technological conditions of connection. The company does not have the right to require the consumer to sign contracts with third parties, for example, with organizations for the development of a project, with contractors for the installation of structures and networks, and others. The contract of interaction with the network administration comes into force from the day it is received, signed by the consumer.
Network connection fee
For subscribers who connect to a network with a capacity of up to 15 kW, taking into account existing equipment, the cost is 550 rubles for each kilowatt of energy that determines the connection. Technological justification and specifications are included in the price. The price for connecting objects of large and medium-sized businesses is much higher.
Citizens who are members of non-profit associations are supplied with electricity according to a common meter and is calculated as the product of the number of members of the collective and the amount of 550 rubles, provided that each of them consumes no more than 15 kW.
The rest of the categories of users pay for the connection at the rates set by local authorities in the amount of state price regulation. The fee can be calculated on the basis of standardized rates for the construction of power plants or standard rates for connection. Technological connection at standard rates means that the network organization calculates the fee using the rates of the electrical profile approved by the REC.
The consumer has the right to independently build networks with the condition that all technical conditions are met, if he considers that this option is more profitable for him. In this case, the payment is taken from him only for the power he needs, the act of technological connection is drawn up by the grid organization without making any claims in this regard.
Unauthorized connection to electrical grids
Some unscrupulous consumers join sources of electrical energy, using it for their own benefit or domestic use, while not paying the cost of the consumed current. Serious pen alties are provided for such unauthorized violation of the law.
For the use of electricity for selfish purposes bypassing the meter, financial sanctions are applied, which are calculated separately for each individual violator. Illegal connection to the power grid is determined by a formula, the main components of which include the duration of an unauthorized connection and the capacity of the line at the connection point. This calculation rule is the same for a multi-storey building and for the private sector. The determination of the amount of the fine is carried out:
- according to consumer tariffs for this group and in accordance with the voltage class;
- the estimated daily consumption of electricity at a given point is taken;
- counts the number of days during which there was a violation when using electricity.
Connectionelectricity to the house from the pole
Electrification issues are de alt with, respectively, by network companies that issue special permits for independent connection to a voltage source, they themselves produce such tie-ins. To connect electricity to a residential building, a request for permission to connect and use electric current is submitted according to the conditions provided by the company.
After obtaining permission, you can connect electricity to the house with your own hands. It won't take long, but first you need to decide how to lay the cable to connect your home to the mains:
- air gasket;
- hidden wiring (underground).
Air supply is carried out through the pole. This is the most common way to bring electricity to the house, it is carried out using a cable with a carrier cable or armored wire is used. A strong metal wire with a cross section of at least 3 mm is attached manually to a simple cable of the desired section using fastening clamps.
Ready-made armored cable is a self-supporting insulated wire, which consists of conductors conducting electricity, insulation, and inside there is a cable that gives the cable the necessary strength against gusts of wind and icing in winter. For a private house, a cable of the SIP-4 brand is used, in which the cores are made of aluminum or steel. The choice of cable is made depending on how much the wiring costs and how this will affectfinancial situation of the consumer.
For fastening the wire, special clamps are used, similar to anchors, which are placed one for each core. Air branching is done using anchors of the type of twins. Through the wall, the wiring is passed in the pipe, then connected to the meter. If a stabilizer is to be installed outside the house, then a shield is made for its fastening.
In conclusion, it should be noted that all the rules and regulations according to which the technological connection of power receiving devices is carried out are described in the SNiP documents, guided by which, the consumer can easily connect from the pole by air. After inspection of the work by a representative of the controlling organization, an appropriate acceptance certificate is drawn up, and the connection of electricity to the residential building is considered complete.
