Painting is the final stage of any repair. In addition to the aesthetic component, coatings in the form of paints, wallpapers, films also perform a very important function and protect the human body from the influence of harmful substances, increase the service life of structural elements. Painting of metal surfaces prevents the development of corrosion, coating and impregnation of wood with a layer of special paint and varnish material makes it resistant to fire.
Types of painting work
For utility rooms and warehouses, a simple finish is enough. Improved finishes are typical for residential areas, as well as for public areas. High-quality finishes also stand out - crowded areas (eg theaters, concert halls, entertainment clubs, etc.).
Painting works are subject to high quality requirements. And absolutelyIt doesn’t matter if the basement or the residence of the Arab sheikh is being renovated: the materials must be safe, the work must be done with high quality, in compliance with the technical process.
Technology description
Painting work can begin when all the necessary materials are available (gypsum, thinner, construction tape, etc.).
One coat of paint will not provide reliable surface protection. Therefore, it is required to apply several (usually 2-3). The first layer ensures the adhesion of the paint to the surface. The subsequent ones protect the base from mechanical influences of the external environment and perform a decorative function.
The number of coats depends on the paint used and the surface to be painted. Glue paint is applied in two layers. Water-based requires at least three applications.
In the course of work, the brush must be held at a small angle of inclination. It should be dipped in paint only a quarter. First of all, hard-to-reach places are painted, and only then all surfaces.
Preparatory work
Before you start painting, you need to eliminate all surface irregularities (cracks, potholes, chips, etc.). For these purposes, as a rule, putty is used. Before filling cracks, they need to be widened and deepened. But plaster can also be used, as well as gypsum. After the grease has dried, the cracks are ground and primed. Some masters are not limited to materials from this list, but useand others.
You also need to clean the surfaces for painting from rust, dirt and be sure to dry (it is better to use a building hair dryer when drying). Otherwise, the paint will peel off and lose its visual appeal very quickly.
When working with wooden surfaces, they are polished. In this case, it is necessary to achieve perfect surface smoothness. If there are cracks, the latter must be puttied.
After the completion of wall leveling and smoothing, all surfaces are cleaned of construction dust and impregnated with a special primer. Due to impregnation with a special primer composition, a protective film is formed on the surface.
All layers of old paint must be removed. Otherwise, the new layer will begin to flake off after a short time. The old layer is removed with sandpaper, a hard metal brush or a spatula. If the old paint had a water base, then it is relatively easy to wash off with water.
Walls to be painted are either covered with a thin layer of plaster or pasted over with special wallpaper, which is subsequently painted.
Old whitewash is removed from the ceilings. A thin layer of whitewash can be washed off with a rag. A massive and thick layer will have to be scraped off with a spatula on a dry one. It is also allowed to pre-moisten the ceiling with hot water and after forty minutes start cleaning it with a scraper.
The correct spatula position is at an angle to the ceiling. Whitewashing is removed by moving the scraper forward. In this case, do not press hard on the tool. Other types are removed in the same way.contaminants: dried splashes of paint, glue, etc.
Safety requirements for painting work
- Paint contains volatile substances. They are very harmful to humans, sometimes even poisonous. It is for this reason that rooms in which painting work is carried out must be well ventilated.
- Only persons who have received special training and are authorized to carry out this type of work can independently prepare paint by shifting and adding components.
- Benzene is strictly forbidden to use as a solvent.
- If a spray gun is used to perform painting work, then the worker must be in a gas mask or a respirator.
- It is forbidden to stay in the room where painting work is carried out for more than four hours.
- Before painting, hands are smeared with a protective cream. Upon completion, it is necessary to thoroughly wash hands and face with detergents.
- Rubber gloves must be worn. Footwear - rubber boots. Clothing is made of dense fabric. Wearing glasses is also recommended.
- Washes soaked in paint or thinner must be dried before being thrown away. This measure minimizes the risk of fire.
Tool used
Brush and roller are the most common painting tools. These names are known to everyone since childhood. Also, the paint is applied with a spray gun. The use of the latter is justified only for very large volumes of work andinvolves rather high costs for the purchase of both the gun itself and the compressor.
Benefits of the roller
A soft roller is ideal for painting large walls and ceilings. The use of this tool is beneficial both in terms of the quality of the resulting decorative layer and in terms of material consumption. In addition, the use of a roller significantly speeds up the painting process. This is important from the point of view of minimizing the harmful effects of toxic fumes on the human body. And from an economic point of view, this is also, of course, important.
When painting with a roller, paint is poured into a special container (tray), which has a corrugated bottom to remove excess paint from the working surface of the tool.
Many masters before pouring paint into the tray, wrap it in a plastic bag. This measure significantly extends the life of the tank.
Why do I need a brush?
But despite the obvious advantages of using a roller, a brush is an indispensable tool for painting work, because only it can penetrate hard-to-reach places (for example, corners, small holes, etc.).
Before starting the repair, you need to get several brushes of different stiffness and shape. Before dipping the brush into the paint, it is recommended to hold it in warm water for several minutes, due to which the poorly fixed pile will fall out, and the swollen wooden handle will become more reliable to hold.horsehair.
In order for the brush to be used in the future, it must be washed, wiped thoroughly with a rag and stored.
Applied materials
There is a huge selection of paints and varnishes for painting work on the market. But the most common is, of course, paint. It is made by mixing binders and pigments.
There are water-based (acrylic, latex, silicone), alkyd (enamel and oil) and silicate paints. The most common type is water-based. It is a pleasure to work with these materials: they are not viscous, they are well applied to the surface. At the same time, they do not have a sharp and pungent odor, they dry quickly. The coating is resistant to sunlight, does not fade. Just take care of him. Also, the material has a protective function against mold and fungus.
Varnish is used to cover both painted and unpainted surfaces. The varnish is transparent and does not change the color and texture of the surface (it can only give a different shade, a little darker or, conversely, lighter).
The group of auxiliary materials includes a primer, putty, grease.
