Working with electricity in your own home is a rather difficult task that requires a lot of experience and responsibility from a person. Entering electricity into an apartment is traditionally considered a paramount task when settling in a house that is not yet fully finished. Not only the he alth and safety of residents, but also the quality of electricity supply to housing depends on the quality of this laborious and rather long work.
Electricity in the apartment
Conducting electricity to the apartment and installing wiring in the apartment is perhaps the most important task of those that face the owner of the house when moving in. It is the electrical wiring that is first of all laid in the walls, which only after that are covered with plaster, leveled and puttied with various primers, achieving a perfectly even surface.
Of course, the wiring diagram in the apartment directly depends on the needs of the residents - noteveryone in the house has powerful computers or a large number of household appliances that consume a lot of electricity. However, the very principles of conducting electrical energy in housing of any type have not changed over the years.
Also, the wiring diagram in the apartment does not change over time. Let's talk about it in more detail later.
Wiring diagram in the apartment
The basic principle of conducting electricity to the house is the phased and sequence of laying wires.
First of all, it is carried out in the dwelling itself. To do this, a cable is pulled from an off-site power source to a junction box, from which the wires will be routed through the rooms. At this stage, it is extremely important to realize that the electrical circuit of the apartment must be incredibly accurate, since in the process of work it will no longer be possible to change anything without damaging the walls of the house.
At the second stage, electrical cables are distributed to rooms, the location of power points for electrical appliances is determined.
Take into account the fact that several main lines should be made from the base carrier power line, which will allow you to correctly distribute the load, as well as separate, for example, the lighting system from the power supply system of household appliances.
The third stage is to route the wires directly to pre-marked and established power points. This stage will become simple for the installer if he has a complete electrical wiring diagram in the apartment in advance.
Planning and distribution
Before thinking aboutlaying electrical wires in your apartment, mentally distribute all the furniture, household appliances and gadgets in the rooms of your home. It often happens that after conducting electricity to the house, there is no outlet in the right place. To avoid this misunderstanding, take a plan of your housing in advance and distribute all devices that consume electricity in places convenient for you.
You can see examples of wiring in an apartment in the article and, based on the information received, create your own author's scheme.
After that, you can safely proceed to the planning of wiring, installation of junction boxes and the withdrawal of power points.
Get a plan of your home and some colored pencils. Then mark the main electrical line on the plan - the one through which electricity will be supplied to your home. After that, mark with a different color the side electrical lines that will distribute energy throughout the rooms and premises of your house. Use the third color to mark the branching of the cable directly at the places of power supply and connection of electrical appliances.
Next, check your drawing for collisions or too close carrier wires. The electrical circuit of the apartment must be made in accordance with safety regulations. If there are no such places, then you can proceed to the next stage.
The next step will be to make the necessary measurements and calculations that will allow you to determine the exact amount of material needed for the purchase:you will determine the length and types of wires, the number of sockets and other materials.
Include in the estimate not only materials, but also possible tools that may not be in your home arsenal, and also consider the need to purchase a protective mask and special work clothes.
Planning the electrical wiring of the apartment
Laying an electric cable into your home is a very responsible task, so step-by-step instructions will be incredibly important for you. Laying electrical wiring in an apartment is not so easy. To begin with, try to clean the place of work as much as possible, ideally freeing it completely. Household appliances, bulky cabinets, art and furniture should be completely removed from rooms and corridors. This will not only make it easier for you to move and work with the material, but also allow you to work comfortably when laying wires. Also, free space is very useful for you when measuring and dividing wires into the necessary segments.
After cleaning the apartment of unnecessary things, thoroughly clean the walls of plaster, putty, any coatings, wallpaper or laminate. Try to get directly to the walls of the house in order to lay the covers with the electric cable not in the temporary covering, but in the load-bearing walls, which will ensure the reliability and safety of the wires for a long time and save you from having to do the calculation of the electrical wiring in the apartment in the coming years.
The next step is to apply the lines marked on your drawing to the walls. It is along these lines that you will layelectric wires. Also don't forget to mark locations for junction boxes and power points.
Having finished marking, once again make sure that you not only applied it correctly, but also did not make mistakes when designing electrical lines in your apartment. If you did not find any errors, then you can safely proceed directly to the main part of the work.
Preparation for laying electrical wiring in the apartment
How to conduct electricity in a new apartment? Bringing it into your home should begin with laying special channels in the walls in which you will lay containers with wires. This process is called gating. You can lay a similar channel in the wall using a special tool - a wall chaser, similar to a manual grinder with a very wide disk that immediately cuts an even channel of the required depth in the wall.
Take your time and carefully cut out the required number of channels in the wall, remembering to thoroughly clean them from dust, dirt and fragments of the wall covering after the process is completed.
It is incredibly important to observe the perfect cleanliness of such channels, since even small impurities that enter the holes for the headset can cause not only breakage, but also a short circuit in the electrical circuit.
Proceed as indicated by the wiring project you created in the apartment.
After chasing, you can start laying the wire containers in the resulting wall channels. To do this, you will need to install a large number of holders directly into the channel itself. It is better to do this with an interval of 15-20 centimeters. After installing the holders, you can easily insert the trough-shaped container into the channel.
Checking that all channels are filled with containers, fill the empty spaces with mounting foam, which will not only provide additional thermal insulation to the electrical wires, but also securely hold the container in the channel.
Installation of wiring in the apartment
For direct laying of electrical wires into prepared channels, use your plan, on which you marked the types of wires and the direction of their entry. Remember that all wires must be laid in the same direction to prevent short circuits, as the electrical flow always moves in the same direction - from the generator to the points of consumption.
Run the electrical wiring line according to the plan you created (electrical diagram of the apartment): from the source of electricity - to the points of its consumption. Start by bringing the wire from the electrical panel into your home, then distribute the electrical line throughout the rooms and premises of your home. Then lead the wires to the power points of the devices.
Remember that wiring in junction boxes must be consistent and carefully insulated from their walls. All branches of electrical wires are necessary additionallyinsulate with a special insulating tape, eliminating the possibility of their contact with the walls of the house, and with each other in particular. Fix them as indicated by the electrical diagram of the apartment.
After all the wires have been placed in containers, check the accuracy of the work again, check the resulting system for compliance with the original plan, and also try to identify errors made during installation.
Your careful work ensures that you will not be in danger of replacing the electrical wiring in a three-room apartment in the coming decades.
After making sure that no mistakes were made, close the lids of the wire containers and proceed with the installation of the electrical headset. Next, consider this process.
Installing an electric headset
This operation should begin with checking the holes obtained during the gating process. Thoroughly clean the holes from dust and dirt, and lubricate them with a special reinforcing compound to avoid possible destruction of the wall.
Before connecting the wires to the outlets, remove the core and firmly insert it into the hole for the power points you have created. Next, connect the wires and carefully insulate them with electrical tape.
After this operation, carefully close the cover of the electric headset and secure it with a special bolt. Check the reliability of your connection and socket installation. By analogy, connect all switches and electricity meters. Lasta step in the installation of electrical wiring will be closing the covers of sockets and switches.
Checking the wiring and connecting electrical appliances
Once you have made sure that all the electrical wiring work in your home is done, you should check all the power points and energy consumption points. This is done using a voltage indicator showing the voltage level and its constancy. If at each of the points of electricity output both indicators are normal, then you can safely connect electrical appliances and household appliances, simultaneously checking the performance of each of the connected devices.
After connecting all the necessary devices, check the condition of the electricity meter and distribution board, and also take care to check the load on the power lines. However, if you initially drew up the correct plan for distributing the electrical load on the wiring in your home, and also carried out high-quality electrical lines, then there should be no overloads, and the condition of the line should be in the prescribed norm.
Selection of materials
Oddly enough, but the vital point on which your he alth and safety directly depends is the choice of materials for laying electrical wiring.
Experts recommend ditching aluminum wires, which have recently been deemed unsafe, in favor of reliable medium-sized copper cable, which is known as the best cable for electrical wiring in the apartment.
Such a cable will not only be a reliable conductorelectricity, but will also withstand any load from household appliances and other sources of electricity consumption.
When choosing power points - sockets, it should be borne in mind that almost all electrical appliances are now equipped with a Shuko system plug, which is popularly called an euro plug. This means that all outlets must comply with the European hole diameter standard so that you do not have problems connecting household appliances in your home.
You should give preference to sockets and junction boxes made of thick, poorly heated plastic, ergonomic ceramics or textolite, which is not only a poor conductor of electricity, but also has incredible strength and durability.
All necessary materials should be purchased in a complex, in advance, a week before the start of work and in strict accordance with the wiring plan in your house, as well as the estimate. This will allow you to simplify the process of material control, as well as simplify the process of laying the electrical cable in your home.
Home master
Before you start laying an electrical cable in your apartment, weigh the pros and cons, evaluate your own strengths, capabilities, skills and knowledge of electrical installation.
Wiring an electrical cable into an apartment and distributing wires to rooms is not such an easy task as it might seem at first glance. This requires not only practical knowledge, but also considerable experience in carrying out such operations.
If you are not sure of your own competence in this matter,then the only safe solution in this case is to call a special team of electricians who will not only help you plan the wiring in your home, but also perform any work related to electricity, without risk to your life and he alth.
