If you live in an old building, then the replacement of electrical wiring is a must. It is difficult for old electrical networks to withstand the loads exerted on them by modern electrical equipment. They just don't meet the new security requirements.
To means of protection used to make the simplest requirements. For example, only an electric stove was grounded. Many Russians regularly make repairs in the apartment, but their hands do not reach the replacement of electrical networks. Everything works fine, so there are no problems, but it's not. They will appear, but it will be too late.
Do-it-yourself wiring replacement will save the family budget and get an electrical network that matches modern electrical equipment, have good sockets and switches in the right and convenient place.
Work on the replacement of the electrical network must be carried out in accordance with all the rules and comply with modern safety requirements. Only then can you guarantee comfortable family living in this room.
Electrical installation conditions
Professional electrician and do-it-yourselfer must know and observecertain requirements for the installation of new electrical networks:
- Replacement of electrical wiring in the apartment is made entirely. When changing wires in parts, a lot of unnecessary and unnecessary connections are formed. Old aluminum wires, when bent, can get microcracks, and this can lead to their failure, you will have to open the wall again and do repairs.
- Before starting to replace the wiring, a plan is drawn up for the location of sockets and switches, lighting devices. The places where energy-intensive devices will be located are determined, separate lines are drawn for them, so it will not be easy to rearrange them later.
- Electricity consumption for each line must be calculated. Power consumption for each should not exceed 5 kW.
- You should not save on the quality of sockets, switches and other small things. The better it is, the safer it is to live in such an apartment.
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It is better to change the wiring before starting plastering. For laying, tubes are used, corrugated or smooth. Special boxes are installed at the junctions of the wires, they provide free access to them.
- Replacement of electrical wiring should take place according to the simplest scheme, which will make it possible to easily make the next repair. Aluminum wiring lasts about 30 years, copper longer.
Electrical wiring of a private house
Replacing electrical wiring in a private house differs little from changing wires in an apartment. The difference lies inthat houses are two-story or more. To this are added various sources of connection to the electrical network.
The electrical wiring of the apartment is connected to the power supply panel, it is located on the landing of the house, and the private cottage is connected from the power line or from the village transformer. The principle of wiring in a private house is the same as in an ordinary apartment.
A layout of all sockets, switches, household and lighting devices is being drawn up. The old wiring is dismantled and a new one is installed.
Electrical wiring consists of 2 groups: lighting fixtures and sockets. As a result, it is mounted indoors from two different parts. One is responsible for lighting devices, the other for sockets. The load on the network will also be different, so the wire is often used differently. The use of two electrical wires facilitates repairs in the event of an accident. If the lights stop working in the evening, you can turn on additional ones using the outlet.
Replacing the electrical wiring in the house can be open or hidden, it all depends on the material from which the house is made. If it has several floors, then each must be connected separately. It is desirable that each room is connected separately and has two machines. One is responsible for sockets, the other for lighting fixtures. With this connection scheme, a short circuit in one room will not affect the power supply to other rooms.
According to the instructions, all modern appliances must be grounded, so in a private house you need to have a good ground loop. The electrical cable in such a possession is carried out in a vertical or horizontal direction, do not get carried away with loops and bends, they are unacceptable.
Replacing electrical wiring in the apartment
Many Russians are reluctant to take the step of replacing old wiring. Only a hopeless situation forces them to do this work. It is worth noting that the timely replacement of electrical wiring allows you to protect your home from many problems.
Wiring Replacement Project
When starting to replace electrical wiring, remember that everything must be done in accordance with the requirements and standards for laying electrical networks in an apartment. The main thing to do in the first place is to calculate the future load of all the electrical equipment of the apartment and select the appropriate electrical cable.
Preliminary work
Initial calculations:
- For energy-intensive appliances, plan a separate line that can withstand the maximum load.
- Choose the most convenient locations for sockets and switches.
- Pre-select lighting fixtures for all areas of the apartment.
- Calculate the electricity consumption that will be consumed by all electrical appliances and equipment installed in the apartment. This is easy to do: each device has a passport, which indicates the required parameters. The total expense neededincrease by some amount (in case other electrical appliances are added).
To avoid possible errors, seek the advice of a specialist.
Replacing electrical wiring in a panel house is carried out in two ways.
- Remove the old plaster, remove the worn wiring and lay a new one in the freed grooves.
- Leave the old wiring in the walls, and make grooves for the new one and lay the prepared cable in them.
The first option is preferable. This will avoid mistakes, the old wiring was installed in accordance with all the rules and accepted by a special commission.
Purchasing the right equipment
Work should begin only after all the necessary appliances and small things have been purchased. Do not save, purchase only high-quality equipment. It will be located in places that are difficult to access, there is no way to constantly monitor them, so there must be confidence in their performance and technical serviceability.
To work on replacing electrical wiring you will need: a cable of the required section and length, tubes for laying wiring in them, devices for distributing and switching wiring, sockets, switches, the right tool to do the job efficiently and quickly.
Selection of instruments and materials
The first step is to decide which cable will be used - aluminum orcopper. Both can be used, but copper has better electrical conductivity specifications.
It is better to entrust the choice of cable core cross-section to specialists, they will do it more professionally than a home master.
Checklist when replacing an old cable
Replacing electrical wiring in Khrushchev is no different from the order of work in an ordinary apartment. When replacing an old cable, existing and newly laid grooves are used.
Arrangement of new wiring
The work of replacing old internal electrical networks in the apartment is divided into several stages:
- Cleaning the old and preparing new channels for electrical wiring.
- Deepening places where new switches and sockets, distribution boxes will be located.
- Wiring installation.
- Installation of switchboard.
Old channels are cleaned, and new ones are prepared with a wall chaser, grinder. It is better to work in a respirator and earplugs, so the respiratory organs will be protected from dust, and the ears from loud noise. The work is dirty, try to immediately remove concrete chips and dust. A vacuum cleaner will be an excellent assistant in this.
After the channels, recesses are prepared for junction boxes, sockets and switches. To perform this work, a perforator with various nozzles is used. Upon completion, the recesses are cleaned of dirt and dust.
After preparing the channels, editing beginswiring. Cable installation must be carried out strictly adhering to the plan. The wiring in the channels is fixed with plaster, mounting clamps.
When connecting copper wires, their ends are soldered with solder. The final stage of work is the installation of a power switchboard. The cable is formed according to the power of the lines, and a separate machine is installed for each group. This will provide better protection for wiring and electrical appliances and will allow you to monitor the state of the electrical network in the apartment.
Installation of electrical wiring must be done in such a way as to have easy access to it during operation and in the event of emergency situations.
Check
After all work is completed, the electrical network must be checked. This is done with a special device - a megohmmeter. It measures the insulation resistance of a cable. If everything complies with accepted standards, you can turn on the power supply. Inspection and proper work will ensure that a short circuit or, even worse, a fire cannot occur.
If the check and the first power-up went well, then you can start finishing work.
Results
Replacing electrical wiring, at first glance, is not such a difficult matter. Proshtrobil grooves, replaced the cable - and that's it. But actually it is not. Replacing the electrical network in an apartment is painstaking and well thought out work, so it must be carried out strictly according to the developed plan, adhering to all the rules and advice of professional electricians. If you have done all the work correctly, thenthe apartment will receive reliable and safe electrical wiring.
Replacing the electrical wiring in the car
Over time, the electrical wiring in the car wears out. Contacts oxidize, rust appears in some places, and even breakdown, because of all these problems, the fuse is constantly on.
Now there are various gadgets and add-ons that are also connected to the worn out wiring. Over time, it becomes like a bunch of noodles, tied in some places with insulation. This situation can be corrected only if the wiring is replaced (VAZ, for example).
The easiest way is to contact a professional electrician. It will solve the problem, but it will cost part of your household budget.
If you have confidence that you can do the job yourself, then prepare the wiring diagrams and go to the auto shop. Get in it all the materials you need to replace the wiring and get to work. It is worth noting that the replacement of the wiring in the car should be done only with 100% confidence in success.
