Combustion of fuel in the boiler is accompanied by the release of combustion products into the air of the boiler room. Ventilation in a boiler room in a private house is necessary to protect residents from fire, explosion, carbon monoxide poisoning and other combustion products.
There are special requirements for her.
Ventilation of the boiler room of a private house: requirements
The presence of ventilation prevents the occurrence of reverse draft, leading to the spread of combustion products in an individual house. The air circulation pattern in the boiler room is determined by the type of heating equipment.
Requirements for ventilation of a boiler room in a private house.
- Air is supplied to the boiler room through special channels or openings.
- The boiler room is part of the general ventilation system of an individual house. The air outlet is through the ceiling or the top of the wallrooms where the boiler is located.
- For 1 kW of power of the heating unit, fresh air must be supplied through openings with a cross section of 30 cm2 when it is supplied from the inside and at least 8 cm2if the pull is from outside.
- There should be two horizontal channels on the hood: one for the ventilation chimney, and the other (lower by 0.25-0.35 m) for cleaning it.
- The distance of the boiler equipment from the walls should not be less than 0.1 m.
- Exhaust and air supply are located on opposite sides of the room.
In accordance with SNiP, the ventilation of a gas boiler house in a private house must perform three air changes per hour. Its amount to support combustion is not taken into account.
In accordance with accepted requirements and norms, the boiler house is created in several versions.
- Separate building.
- Addition to the house.
- Built-in inside the house.
- In areas of the house, such as the kitchen.
- Attic system.
- Block-modular system - a container with equipment.
The choice of premises is determined by the performance and dimensions of the equipment.
Gas boilers up to 30 kW can be installed in the kitchen. For liquefied gas, the basement or basement is not suitable. Fuel has a specific gravity greater than air. Leakage gas may accumulate in the lower rooms, which is unacceptable.
Requirements for the boiler room:
- floor area not less than 15 m2;
- room height from 2.2 m;
- the presence of a window with an area of 3 cm2 for 1 m3 of the volume of the boiler room;
- window should open or have a window.
Natural ventilation
Ventilation in the boiler room in a private house is mainly done on natural draft. Air can enter under doors or through ducts in walls. The supply air with a boiler power of up to 30 kW is made with a diameter of no more than 15 cm and is located no higher than the working area of \u200b\u200bthe boiler. It contains a plastic pipe, which is closed on the outside with a mesh, and inside is equipped with a check valve that prevents air from getting out.
The exhaust opening is located above the boiler, at the top of the room and can be equipped with a check valve. Then the air will not enter the room from outside. The pipe is easy to install with your own hands. A metal rain umbrella is attached to it from above.
The big disadvantage is the lack of control over air exchange, which also depends on the ambient temperature, wind strength and atmospheric pressure.
Forced ventilation
Forced draft ventilation systems are installed for powerful boiler houses. Fans with characteristics corresponding to the flow sections are installed in the channels. Extraction power is taken with a margin of 25-30% in relation to the maximum load. The duct length, cross-section and number of bends are also taken into account.
The case in which the fan is installed must be securelyprotected from corrosion and fire. For this, reliable coatings, aluminum or copper alloys are used.
Forced traction is expensive in equipment and energy costs. You can reduce energy consumption if you use only injection or exhaust. But a ventilation system is only truly effective when air is blown in and out by fans.
The boiler room needs an automation system. It not only ensures the safe operation of equipment, but also reduces gas consumption by reducing gas consumption when it is not needed.
Ventilation of a boiler room in a private house: rules and regulations
The basic rules relating to the ventilation of the boiler room are as follows.
- Exhaust duct inlet location at the top.
- Existence of an additional channel for cleaning the exhaust pipe.
- Providing fresh air through a ventilation duct or under doors.
- If the air is supplied from the street, the size of the air per 1 kW of power is at least 8 cm2, and for inflow from other premises - from 30 cm 2.
Chimney for ventilation of the boiler room
Ventilation in the boiler room in a private house is equipped with a separate chimney that is not connected to the exhaust system of the heating system. Separate rules and regulations have been developed for it.
- It is not allowed to get combustion products from the furnace into the room. The diameter and length of the chimney are determined by the power of the boiler.
- To create the necessary thrustthe outlet of the chimney must rise above the roof ridge by at least 2 m.
Ventilation system calculation
3 air exchange per hour is achieved in a boiler room with an optimal height of 6 m. Due to the fact that it is difficult to provide it in a private house, air exchange is increased by 25% for each meter of height reduction.
Simplified calculation of boiler room ventilation includes the following parameters:
- volume v=blh, where b is the width, l is the length, h is the height of the room;
- airflow speed w=1 m/s;
- coefficient of increase in air exchange rate k=(6-h)0, 25+3.
Calculation example
The dimensions of the boiler room are 3x4x3.5 m.
Determine v=343, 5=42 m3; k=(6 - 3, 5)0, 25 + 3=3, 6.
For 1 hour, natural ventilation provides the passage of air in the amount of V=3.642=151 m3.
The cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe channel will be S=V / (vt)=151 / (13600)=0.042 m2.
According to this indicator, you can choose the nearest inner diameter of the hood from the standard range d=200 mm. The same section should have an inlet.
When a ventilation shaft is installed, when its flow area is less than the calculated one, forced ventilation is done to compensate for the missing performance.
Features of installation of the ventilation system
With natural ventilation, air ducts are located only vertically, not lower than 3 m. For forced ventilation, you can installhorizontal sections, but no turns.
Any homeowner is interested in the question of how to make the ventilation in the boiler room of a private house better? The best option includes both methods of ventilation. When one fails, the other can be used. In both options, it is necessary that the incoming air volume be equal to the outgoing one, which is ensured by the operation of fans and dampers. But here it is important that the required system performance is provided.
The location of the equipment must be carried out in accordance with SNiP. When using solid fuel boilers, additional fans should be installed where soot appears.
Installation of natural ventilation
Inlet ventilation in the boiler room of a private house is done as follows.
- A pipe is attached to the wall and its dimensions are marked.
- A channel with a slope of 60 is chiseled with a perforator outward to drain condensate.
- A pipe is inserted into the hole with a gasket of insulation and a grill on the outside.
- A housing with a check valve is attached to the wall with dowels.
Exhaust ventilation is done in the same way, only the pipe is installed vertically.
Installation of forced ventilation
The presence of a fan significantly improves system performance. Supply ventilation is easy to install.
- A hole is made in the wall with a slope towards the street with a diamond crown or a puncher.
- A pipe is installed in the hole. The cracks are foaming.
- A duct fan is being installed.
- Electrical wiring is laid and connected to power the fan motor.
- Sensors, silencer and filter are being installed.
- Grates are attached to both ends of the pipe.
Exhaust ventilation is installed in the same way, only the air should be drawn out, not forced.
Conclusion
Ventilation in a boiler room in a private house must fully comply with the requirements and standards. All of them are aimed at ensuring the safety in the house. The best option is a combined system that can work with natural and forced ventilation.
