A private house with an attic or several floors requires a staircase in the room. It can become a real decoration of the existing interior. At the same time, the design must be strong, safe in operation. There are building codes and requirements on how to make a staircase in a private house. Having studied all the nuances of the work, you can build such a structure yourself.
Design Features
Even a master who does not have enough experience in carrying out such work can make a staircase to the 2nd floor, to the attic or attic with his own hands. Before you start creating a structure, you will need to consider a few examples, choose the appropriate type and configuration of the structure. It is better if the stairs are simple.
In some cases, to simplify the assembly procedure, the owners can purchase a ready-made kit, which includes all the parts for assembling the stairs. Allits structural elements will need to be assembled using dowels and metal corners. There are metal structures. They are assembled by welding. Ready-made kits greatly simplify the process of creating stairs. However, the appearance of such a structure will be typical.
It is much more interesting to make all the parts for mounting yourself. The design will be original, as much as possible fit into the existing interior. Of course, the construction of such a staircase will take more time. However, the result will exceed all expectations.
How to make stairs to the attic or second floor? Most often, wood is used for these purposes. This material can be processed by almost every master. First you need to develop a project for the future product. This takes into account building requirements. Such a ladder will be safe and comfortable during operation. The design of the structure will also need to be given sufficient attention.
Constructive elements
Considering how to make a staircase with your own hands, you need to study its main structural elements. This will allow you to develop a construction plan. Mandatory elements that are present in the design of any staircase include steps and supports. Depending on the type of stairs, other structural elements may be present in it.
Steps consist of steps and risers. The second element is not present in all designs. The tread can be fixed directly on the side supports. In this case, the lower vertical partsteps are not used.
The support supports the span with steps. It can be made in the form of a bowstring, kosour or rack. Also, the ladder can be fixed with the help of bolts. The bowstring is the side faces of the structure to which the steps are attached. Kosour supports them from below. The rack is used in screw structures. The bolts are metal dowels of a special shape. They cut into the wall and the side of the steps.
If the staircase is not surrounded by walls on both sides, it must have a railing. They rest on balusters. These are not only functional, but also decorative parts of the stairs.
Master construction
Considering options for how to make a staircase to the second floor, you need to choose the most appropriate type of construction. At the same time, the free space in the room is evaluated, on which it will be possible to install the structure. If there is enough space, it is best to build a march structure. It can be placed against a wall or in the center of a room.
Under the marching stairs, you can equip a pantry. This is the simplest type of construction in execution. This is one or more inclined spans with steps. Between such structures are horizontal platforms. Such a staircase will allow not only to move up and down on it, but also to transfer overall things to the second floor.
Considering how to make a wooden staircase, you need to choose this option if there is enough space in the room. It's convenient to take these steps.move the elderly, children. There are several requirements that need to be taken into account when developing such a design. The minimum number of steps in one span should be 3 pcs., and the maximum - 16 pcs. If the ladder is longer, it will be unsafe to operate. In this case, a platform one step long for an adult is created between two spans.
Steps are supported by a kosour or bowstring. The first option is easier to implement, so it is used more often. When choosing wood, you need to give preference to high-quality materials without defects. It is better to purchase varieties of medium hardness. They will be quite durable. Material can be processed manually.
Design on the bolts
In search of the best project for how to make a staircase in the house with their own hands, some owners turn their attention to designs using bolts. Such a structure will be durable. At the same time, it will seem to soar in the air. This is due to the presence of such a special structural element as a bolt. It is a strong and fairly thick threaded bolt.
This configuration of the fastener allows it to be cut into the tread material. In this case, special decorative supports in the form of racks are installed between the steps. Such a ladder can be installed in both small and spacious rooms. It will become a real decoration of almost any interior.
It should be noted that such a structure cannot be mounted in the center of the room. Must be nearbywall. Otherwise, the Bolts will not have anything to fix on. This feature should be taken into account at the planning stage of the future structure.
Such a ladder takes up relatively little space, which cannot be said about the mid-flight structure. It looks stylish and beautiful, harmoniously fitting into modern interiors.
Features of screw design
When choosing how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, you can consider a screw design. It takes up minimal space in the room. This option is suitable for a small cottage or cottage. A spiral staircase can be installed in any suitable area of the room. It does not need additional support in the form of a wall.
However, designing and building such a staircase is difficult. Also, it will be difficult for the elderly and young children to climb the spiral staircase. With the help of this structure, it will not be possible to raise overall items to the second floor. The calculation of this type of construction must be approached with all responsibility. A mandatory element of a spiral staircase is the presence of railings.
With the right manufacture of stairs and choosing the right design, it can become the main decoration of the room. In the center of the stairs there is a rack on which the steps are fixed. They should expand towards the edge. Most often, metal is used to create a rack. It is more reliable and stronger than wood.
To make a staircase with your own hands to the second floor, you will need to firmly fix the rack. It will be attached to the narrow end of the steps in a spiral. Railings may havedifferent configuration. Also, much attention is paid to the supports under them. They can be thin or bulky. This gives the stairs a certain decorative effect. When creating balusters, you will need to install a sufficient number of them. The distance between them cannot be large.
Design of screw structure
If the owners of the house have chosen a screw type of construction, they must make a calculation and draw up a detailed plan. How to make this type of ladder with your own hands? There are a number of rules. First, calculate the dimensions of the opening in the ceiling. It is better that it be medium in size, otherwise the climb will be steep.
Then mark where the center of this opening is. To do this, you need to draw diagonals from the corners of a square or rectangle. Where they intersect will be the center. This point is projected onto the floor surface in the ground floor room and the ceiling. The center of the support will be attached here. The length of the steps cannot exceed the distance from the center to the edge of the opening.
Steps should expand towards the edge. Here their width should be from 42 cm and more. In the center of such a step, this indicator will be 20 cm. You cannot make less width. The railing must exactly repeat the configuration of the span. The distance between the balusters should be at least 15 cm. If there are small children in the house, it is better to reduce this figure to 10 cm. Most often, railing supports are purchased separately. In this case, they will have a curly shape, giving the stairs a spectacular look.
Building Codes
Considering how to make a staircase to the attic, you also need to find out in detail the requirements for such structures. Building codes stipulate the need for a railing for any staircase that is not located between two walls. Their height should be from 80 to 90 cm (depending on the height of the owners of the house). The railing rests on balusters. The distance between them should not exceed 20 cm. If small children move up the stairs, this figure is reduced by 2 times.
The angle of inclination of the structure should not exceed 55°. The more gentle the rise, the more the structure will take up space in the room. This will require the use of more building materials. However, if there are elderly people in the house, you need to make the elevation angle 30-35 °.
Steps should have a step length of at least 20 cm. It is recommended to increase this figure (if possible) to 30 cm. It should be noted that all steps must have the same height. Otherwise, you can stumble and fall. The number of steps must be odd. This is due to the peculiarities of the physiology of the muscles of the legs. They feel a uniform load if the span consists of an odd number of steps.
The span should be 1-1.2 m. You can make the stairs wider if there are many people living in the house, and they can go up and down the stairs at the same time.
Layout
When studying the technique of how to make a ladder, you need to pay attention to creating a design plan. First, a floor plan is created. Next, you need to enter into the existinginterior selected staircase option. All diagram elements must be drawn to scale. Exact measurements are given.
To create a staircase scheme, measure the room and determine how much space can be allocated for the structure. Next, draw a triangle on paper from the selected point. Its hypotenuse will correspond to the length of the span with steps. The legs are the height of the ladder and its length. Next, the angle of inclination is determined. If it complies with building codes, you can proceed to further calculations. Otherwise, adjustments are made, for example, instead of one span, two. Between them there will be a horizontal platform.
Next, calculate the number of steps. The length of the hypotenuse must be divided by the width of the step. The height of the stairs must be divided by the number of steps. Get the size of the risers. It should be about 11-14 cm. The width of the span is indicated in the plan. Based on the data received, it will be possible to create stringers.
Production of parts
When learning the technique of how to make a staircase out of wood, you need to pay attention to creating the necessary details. According to the created drawing, you will need to make the necessary structural elements.
On a massive board (thickness not less than 6 cm) markings are applied for the manufacture of stringers. This is an inclined plane, which on one side has ledges for steps. On stringers, the length for setting the tread can be shortened by 2 cm. All protrusions must be the same.
Steps and risers are also made. All structural elements will need to be sanded well. After that, the composition is coated with an antibacterial and fire-fighting compound.
Next cut out the railing. Their surface must be smooth. It should not have any irregularities. You can create balusters using a milling machine. If there is no special equipment, it is better to purchase the missing structural elements. After that, it will be possible to start assembling the stairs.
Installation of stairs
The method of how to make a staircase with your own hands involves assembling parts in a certain sequence. First, a support beam is mounted on the floor of the first floor. Kosours are leaning against him. At the top of the floor, you will need to make ledges to install these staircase parts. Loosening of structural elements is unacceptable. All parts are fixed rigidly. For fixing, anchor dowels and metal corners are used. The position of the stringers is checked using the building level.
Next, a riser is installed on the assembled structure. For this, metal corners are used. A tread is laid on him. It is fixed with screws. This is how they move from bottom to top.
Balusters are installed on each step. Better if there are 2 of them. on every step. Railings are laid on top. After that, the surfaces are polished again. They are varnished in 2 layers. On the steps, you can lay a track or other materials. They should not be slippery.
Having considered the technique of how to make a staircase in a private house, you can build a solid, beautiful structure with your own hands.
