Arrangement of a private house is a difficult task, but quite doable and interesting. Almost all the necessary objects inside the home can be built with your own hands. The staircase to the second floor is no exception. To build it, you need to know some of the requirements that put forward to such structures. To learn how to make a staircase to the second floor, the advice of experienced professionals will help. Their recommendations will be discussed further.
General recommendations
Even a novice master can make a staircase to the second floor (photo below). You need to choose the appropriate way to create such a structure. It is important to give preference to simple design options.
To assemble the ladder yourself, you can purchase a kit from a specialized store. It provides for the presence of all the necessary elements. Themyou just need to put it together. This is a simple process that usually does not cause difficulties even for a beginner. Assembly of the structure is fast. This option is ideal if you want to complete your home improvement quickly.
Many craftsmen prefer to make all the elements of a future building on their own. In this case, the staircase will look original. Its style will perfectly match the interior design. It will be a truly exclusive staircase. Its construction will take more time than it would take to assemble the finished structure. This is an exciting process that will require certain knowledge and skills from the master.
How to make the stairs to the second floor yourself? First, a plan is necessarily created on which the space of the room is applied. Next, draw every detail of the future stairs. In this case, the exact dimensions are indicated. At this stage, you need to choose what materials the object will be built from, what configuration it will have. At the same time, building codes and requirements are taken into account. This allows you to create a safe, beautiful and durable staircase. It will harmoniously complement the existing interior.
Stair components
It should be said that the stairs can be made of metal, brick, concrete or wood. The latter option is more often chosen by masters. Wood is easier to process, it is in harmony with many interior styles. You need to choose the right design, giving it the desired design.
Howmake a wooden staircase to the second floor? This process must begin with careful planning and schematic labeling of all structural elements. Any staircase has mandatory and optional elements. The first category of parts includes steps and supports that support them.
Steps consist of steps (horizontal plane) and risers (vertical plane). The steps can do without the second element. However, the riser is an additional support for steps.
The support is an element on which the steps are mounted. It can be done in two versions. The first of them is called a bowstring, and the second is called a kosour. They differ slightly in location. Kosour passes under the steps. The string supports them from the ends.
When studying how to make a staircase to the second floor in a country house or in your own house, you need to take into account one more nuance. Stairs to the second floor must have railings and supports. They can be absent only if the steps are mounted between two walls. In other cases, this is a mandatory element that is required by security rules.
Additional elements are a rack for a spiral staircase, bolts. They are present only in certain types of designs.
Stairway type
To make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, you need to consider their main varieties. One of the easiest options to implement is the march-type design. It consists of one or more inclined spans with steps. They are separatedfrom each other with special horizontal platforms.
This is one of the safest types of structures. It is comfortable to climb and descend on such a ladder for both young and elderly residents of the house. The disadvantage of the marching stairs is its large size. It takes up a lot of space in the room. Therefore, marching structures are installed only in spacious rooms.
When creating a plan for such a staircase, you need to take into account several building requirements. Marches should consist of 3-15 steps. Going beyond this interval is not recommended. If there are more steps, you can get serious injuries if you fall. Therefore, it is better to choose their average number for one march. The areas between them should be equal to the average step length of an adult.
Steps can be attached to a bowstring or stringer. If the width of the step is sufficient, you can not mount the risers. Boards for support must be chosen strong, at least 6 cm thick. High demands are placed on the quality of materials for construction.
Stair bolts
To make a staircase to the second floor out of wood, you can use additional elements. They are called pains. This fixture gives the stairs a stylish look. Even a wooden structure, with bolts, can be entered into a high-tech or minimalist interior. At the same time, such stylized bolts increase the strength of the structure. She looks light and airy. The risers are not needed in this case.
The bolts are a metal support withwide enough diameter. At its ends there is a thread that allows you to thread the pin into the canvas and fix it firmly. In this case, the second side of the bolt crashes into the wall. The stairs appear to be floating in the air. However, the structure is highly rigid.
This design option will harmoniously fit into the interior of both a spacious and a small room. The graceful twists that can be made when arranging the stairs on the bolts will decorate the interior.
The disadvantage of this design is the inability to equip it in the center of the room. There must be a wall nearby. Otherwise, the bolts cannot be fixed. Therefore, in the process of planning a future staircase, you need to consider where other objects in the room are located.
If the structure is installed near the wall, it will take up less space in the room than a march-type building. However, for interior design in a rustic or ethnic style, this design option is not suitable, it will not be able to create a harmonious image. Although it will look beautiful on its own. How to make a staircase to the second floor? In many ways, this element depends on the style of the room.
Spiral staircase
An interesting option is the spiral staircase. It takes up little space in the room, so it can be equipped even in small rooms. Moreover, such a structure does not have to be installed near the wall. She can be in any suitable area of the room.
Considering how to make a screwstairs to the second floor, the master may face a number of difficulties. This is a complex type of construction. With an incorrect calculation, moving along such a ladder will not only be inconvenient, but also unsafe. Also, it will not be possible to lift large items to the second floor.
The spiral staircase looks beautiful and stylish. It can complement different types of interior. In the center of this design there is a rack. Steps are firmly fixed on it. Due to their special configuration, such stairs cannot be moved quickly. The support post can be made of wood or metal. The second option is more reliable. It is chosen even if you need to make a wooden staircase to the second floor in the house.
First you need to mount the rack. It must be firmly fixed on both floors (on the first and second floor). Next, you need to mount the steps. The outer edge of the step should be wide. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to move up the steps. The narrow inside edge should meet the support post.
A mandatory element for a spiral staircase are railings. They must repeat the configuration of the entire system. Under the railings you need to install balusters. The supports should be a short distance apart.
How to calculate a screw structure?
Considering options for how to make a staircase to the second floor, many owners choose the screw design. To build such an interior object, you will need to perform the correct calculation. Take into account the dimensions of the opening. If it is quite small, a ladder will sufficecool.
On the floor in the room and on the ceiling of the second floor, you need to determine the center. Here the support rod will be fixed. From it to the end of the opening you need to measure the distance. It is this length of the step that will need to be installed on the rack. Their width in the central part of the tread should be at least 20 cm. The outer edge should be at least 42 cm wide. In this case, it is much easier to work with wood. This material is easier to process.
Having developed a detailed building plan, you can purchase the required amount of materials. This will avoid unnecessary costs. The stock of materials, calculated clearly according to the plan, can be minimal. The wood must be of high quality. It must be dry. Surfaces will need to be treated with an antiseptic and flame retardant.
To make a staircase in the house to the second floor, you will need to purchase wooden balusters separately. They are installed under the railing at each step. Therefore, the number of supports for the railing should be equal to the number of steps. Balusters can have different shapes. There are many options for decorating stairs on sale.
Norms and standards
How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor? The answer to this question will require precise calculations. This takes into account building codes. They stipulate what angle of inclination the design should have and other nuances.
Almost always install a railing for the stairs. The handrails should be at a height of about 85 cm. It should be convenient for the owners of the house to layhand on the railing. In this case, their growth must be taken into account. There are balusters under the railings. If there are small children in the house, you need to make the distance between the railing supports at least 11 cm.
The ladder is subjected to heavy loads. Therefore, the materials for it must be very durable. Boards, timber should not have defects, cracks. Particular attention should be paid to the dimensions of the step when planning. It should have a width of at least 20 cm. If the dimensions of the room allow, you can create steps 30 cm wide. It will be more comfortable to move along them. There must be an odd number of steps in one span. They must be the same height and width. Steps must be at least 1 m long.
The angle of inclination of the flight of stairs should be 30-50º. Otherwise, this design will be uncomfortable to move. Too flat stairs will take up a lot of space in the room. It will require more materials to build it. The steep angle of inclination of the span makes the climb uncomfortable. It is especially difficult for the elderly and children to move up such stairs.
Create a plan
There is an established technique to help you make the stairs to the second floor correctly. Knowing all the nuances of this work, choosing the appropriate design, you can begin to create a drawing. Builders claim that it is much easier to build stairs on stringers.
You need to measure the free space in the room in order to correctly create a schemedesigns. The ladder must be presented in the form of a triangle. Its legs will correspond to the width and height of the structure. The hypotenuse of the triangle will be a span with steps. It is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination. If the flight staircase does not fit in the room, it is better to give preference to the design on the bolts or the screw type.
When a triangle is drawn, you need to calculate the number of steps on it. It is necessary to divide the length of the span by the width of the step. Next, the number of steps on the plan is noted. The height of the risers should be about 11 cm. To accurately determine this value, you need to divide the height of the stairs by the required height of the tread support. You should also specify the width of the stairs. When the dimensions of the steps are calculated, you can draw the configuration of the kosour. This drawing must be used when creating the details of the stairs.
Preparation of structural elements
Studying the technology that helps to make a staircase to the second floor, you need to consider in detail each stage of the work. After creating a detailed drawing, you will need to prepare all the details for assembling the stairs. They must correspond to the dimensions calculated during the preparation of the drawing.
First, the contours of this structural element are applied to the board that was chosen to create the kosour. It is important to carry out the transfer of dimensions clearly. Each step must be the same in length and width. The quality of the material for the kosour must be very high. This is an entire array. The wood must be dry. It is better to give preference to varieties of medium hardness.
Creating cutouts forstep, you can shorten the length of the kosour in this place by 2 cm. The boards will simply protrude slightly beyond the support. Their thickness should be at least 2.5 cm. If risers are to be installed, the boards for them must be polished with high quality. To support the tread, you can use material with a thickness of about 2 cm.
The railings are also made from high quality solid wood. The surface will need to be sanded. It is unacceptable that on the surface of the handrails there were bumps, burrs. Balusters are also chosen in accordance with the style of the room. They may have different shapes.
Installing the structure
Considering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor, you need to pay attention to the installation of the entire structure. After preparing all the details, they need to be assembled into a single system. First you need to firmly fix the stringers. They shouldn't wobble. To do this, you need to install a support beam on the floor, on which the base of the stairs will rest. In the beam on the second floor, you need to make cutouts for installing the stringer. Structural elements must be fixed with anchors.
When the stringers are installed, their position is checked using the building level. Next, install the risers (if they are provided for in the design). They are fixed with screws and corners. A tread is laid on the installed riser. Fix boards with screws. Next, the second riser is laid, and the tread is placed on it. Installation starts from the bottom of the stairs, gradually moving up.
After that, balusters are installed on the steps. Railings are mounted on them. The fixation must also be tight. After that, all surfaces are polished, varnished. Steps don't have to be smooth. They are trimmed with different materials. You can lay carpet on them. You can also use special strips of rubber or metal. They prevent slipping.
Knowing how to make a staircase to the second floor, you can independently build a beautiful, strong and durable structure. By carefully calculating all the details, you can increase the comfort and safety of the operation of this interior object.
