We all unconsciously wait for spring. Although it brings with it a lot of trouble and work, we rejoice at the first spring days and look forward to when we can start spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden. Owners who cultivate large tracts of land need to prepare equipment and seed during the winter, prepare fertilizers and pest and weed control agents. From the moment the spring field work began, all processes must proceed consistently and on time. It is easier for summer residents and homeowners to prepare for spring. The main thing is to buy bags of seeds.
Spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden begins immediately after the snow melts. The land needs to be cleared of the remnants of the last crop, fertilized, plowed.
Features of spring work in the field depend on what crop will be grown on it. If these are winter crops, then in the spring they are already sown. It is necessary to inspect them, assess the degree of freezing and losses.
If everything is in order with the crops, then spring work in the field begins with top dressing. Timely applied fertilizerallows you to harvest a high yield.
When growing spring crops, spring work in the field is aimed at maintaining soil moisture and controlling weeds. For this, plowing is used. It can be carried out when the soil is not smeared. After harrowing, the soil warms up faster, and moisture does not come out. This kills germinated weeds.
Spring field work in the field depends on the composition of the soil. On light soils, heavy harrows are used. On medium and heavy use cultivators. Soil with a high sand content dries out faster than loam. Therefore, work in the fields with such soil begins much earlier.
Garden work
As soon as the soil has dried a little, you can start spring work in the garden.
You need to start by cleaning shelters from frost. It is better to do this not during sunny hours, so that the plants do not suffer from a sharp change in temperature. Those structures that are intended for repeated use are washed, dried and hidden until the onset of autumn.
Then they rake up all the garbage: branches, last year's leaves, grass. Even if the cleaning was carried out in the fall, it must be repeated. They look to see if meltwater is gathering under the trees. This can lead to bark rot.
Clean and herbicide flowerpots and flower pots. Plants are transplanted into fresh soil.
Weed control
Spring gardening includes perennial weed control. They wake up with the first warmth and begin their growth. Weeds should be removed immediately. This isit is more convenient to do it when the soil is still wet, and the plant's root system is not developing. Nettle can be removed completely. But sow thistle, no matter how hard you try, you can’t pull it out with a root. But if you regularly cut it as deep as possible, you can get rid of this prickly enemy.
Feeding
Feeding the soil can be started from March. Fertilizers are applied, which include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. These are preparations "Azofoska" (contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), "Nitroammophoska". It is good to fertilize the soil with organic fertilizers: rotted manure, compost. It is better not to bring fresh manure and chicken manure into the ground. These fertilizers are best piled or pitted and used next year or as a liquid top dressing in the summer.
Mulching
This is a labor intensive process. But it gives a positive result.
Sawdust, last year's leaves, straw mulch the ground in flowerbeds, beds with strawberries, under young trees.
Cover with a protective layer beds with delicate plants that require a lot of moisture. It can be tomatoes, peppers, carrots - how much strength and material you have.
Cucumbers, zucchini after such processing rot less, give more fruit.
The mulched area almost does not need to be weeded or watered.
Tree care
Pruning is of great importance in the life of a fruit tree. It is carried out until the buds open. If you do this later, then the movement of juice along the branches will begin before the wounds from pruning heal. So maybe it's better not at all.cut off? In this case, the tree will grow tall and thin. This will make it difficult to care for him. Yes, and the fruits will be small, pale and sick.
In the spring, dry, diseased, damaged branches are cut. All places of pruning or damage by rodents are carefully lubricated with garden pitch. You can cook it yourself, but it's easier to buy it in the store. You can cover it with paint instead of var, but oily, without acetone.
Some trees, like cherry, walnut, are best pruned in summer when the spring sap flow is over.
They are often whitened with lime. This procedure saves young trees from bark burns in early spring, when there are no leaves yet. Lime kills some pests and fungi.
Planting trees and bushes
They are planted in early spring, while the buds have not yet swollen and blossomed. Otherwise, the survival of the seedling will be very problematic. Planting pits are best prepared in the fall, filling them with manure to half. But few people do it. Usually the desire to get some kind of fruit tree arises when spring work begins in the fields.
If you bought seedlings, but there is no hole, you can dig it in the spring. Its depth should be up to a meter. When planting grapes - 80 cm. The topsoil is laid separately, mixed with rotted manure, wood ash. You can add mineral fertilizers. Pour a little to the bottom of the pit so that the tree is soft and the roots have room to grow. Before planting at the seedling, the roots are slightly cut with a sharp pruner and dipped in clay slurry. Install the tree like thisso that the clothespin (curved part of the trunk) is directed to the north, and the place where it begins is at ground level or slightly higher. This place should not be in the ground, as various infections or diseases can penetrate through it.
The pit is carefully covered first with enriched and then with the remaining soil, while watering several times. See that the roots do not break when the soil is compacted. It is better not to fill the pit to ground level, leave a recess for watering. Then the water will linger in this hole, and not scatter in different directions from the tree. The soil around the tree is mulched. Pegs are hammered near or around the tree, tied with a rope. And support the tree, and you will not forget about it. Remember to water regularly.
Vaccination
This is gardener's aerobatics. Anyone who has learned how to do it efficiently will be able to provide himself with a wide variety of varieties of fruit trees and shrubs. You can graft a new variety by copulation (grafting with a cutting) or budding (grafting by a kidney). It is believed that copulation is more efficient, cuttings tolerate winter frosts better. It is held from mid-April to the end of May. But stone fruit should be grafted as early as possible, until mid-March. The main problem when copulating is to make even cuts on the rootstock and graft for their close contact.
Caring for perennial flowers
A bush that has grown enough needs to be divided. If this is not done, the plant will weaken and may completely disappear. And his flowers will become small, or they will not exist at allwill.
Share phlox bushes, hostas, bluebells. Chrysanthemums, if they wintered on the street, are separated and seated. Those kept indoors are taken out into the sun, hardened, and then planted. Peonies after such an operation do not bloom for three years. Separate the bushes with a shovel or knife. The incision site can be sprinkled with crushed charcoal so that the wound does not fester.
Dahlias, gladioli are preparing for germination. They can be placed in sand or sawdust, periodically wetting with water. Gladiolus are planted at the end of April, having previously been disinfected for 20 minutes with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In one place they are grown no more than 2 years.
Plant annual plants resistant to cold: daisies, viola, forget-me-nots.
Feed bulbs (tulips, daffodils, hyacinths).
Gradually remove cover from roses. They are pruned. In curly and park trees, only dry and weak branches are removed. Repairs are cut into 6-8 buds. On tea leaves, 2-3 buds are left to escape.
Lawn care
Consists of feeding, combing, aeration, weeding. It is better to fertilize immediately after the snow melts, "Kimeroy". Comb out effectively with an electric verticulator. To access air to the roots of plants, an aerator or a less sophisticated technique - a pitchfork is used. They are used to pierce the soil at small intervals.
If there are a lot of weeds, apply herbicides.
Disease and pest control
In the spring, the garden, field and garden are attacked by a largethe number of pests. If you do not fight them, they will eat the crop, not you.
Chemical preparations are used in the fields. They are sprayed with crops when they carry out spring work in the field.
Dry leaves and fruits left on the trees must be removed and destroyed before pests get out of there. Weevils are harvested on a cold morning. A film is placed under the bush and the branches are shaken. Weevils fall on her. They are collected and destroyed.
Each type of pest has its own ways of dealing with its habits and lifestyle.
You can sprinkle pests all together with chemicals or "Fitoverm", created on the basis of organic raw materials. There are also products to combat fungal plant diseases.
Bordeaux liquid, blue vitriol, when applied before bud break, protect against scab (apple, pear), coccomycosis, moniliosis (stone fruit), peach curl.
Growing vegetables
Before you start planting vegetables or sowing seeds, it is advisable to make a plan. Take into account the predecessor of each crop, determine the amount of space occupied and seed material.
There are many ways to grow garden crops, depending on your climate, soil, garden or field size, physical and technical capabilities. The beds can be lowered into trenches (sandy soil, poorly retaining moisture), raise the ridges (clay soil). This is a rather laborious method. A thick layer of manure, compost and earth formsmart garden. Smooth ridges are used in greenhouses or on any soil, if there is no desire and opportunity to raise or lower them. Spring work in a field is difficult if it consists of such ridges.
If there is little space for planting, containers are used.
Pre-sowing tillage is carried out from mid-March. The soil is considered mature when a clod of earth, firmly compressed in the palm of your hand, does not release water. The soil is ready to receive seeds, tubers and seedlings.
