Pile drivers are widely used in construction. With the help of such mechanisms, a reliable foundation is created for the foundations of multi-storey buildings. In areas with complex geology, especially where there is a reservoir nearby, pile driving makes it possible to strengthen the soil and carry out construction with a guarantee against subsidence of the soil.
Destination
Piling installations are used for immersion in the soil of supports for various purposes. In road construction, small-sized mechanisms install fences along routes, supports for signs and various load-bearing structures. In addition, they are used for arranging fences, barriers, lightning rods.
In civil and industrial construction, these installations drive piles into the soil to strengthen the soil. They are reinforced concrete or metal. They can have a square section or a different profile: channel, I-beam, pipe.
In addition to creating basic foundations for new buildings, such installationsare used to strengthen soils in areas with existing buildings. They are also used in bridge building, oil platforms and docks.
There are two main tasks in the process of driving a pile: installing it in a strictly designated place at a right or other angle necessary for the project and, in fact, plunging it into the soil to a given depth. If for road signs a support height of 2–2.5 m is sufficient, then piles are driven into the ground to a depth of up to 12 m to strengthen the soil.
Installation technology
Reinforced concrete pile with a section of 350×350 mm and a length of 12 m weighs up to 4 tons. To drag it into place, lift it and set it exactly on a landmark vertically or at an angle, special equipment is needed. Such a mechanism must be mobile in order to move around the construction site from the place of pile storage to the point of their installation. It must be equipped with a high boom for vertical lifting of heavy and bulky cargo, have a sufficiently wide and massive base to hold the mechanism itself.
Koper - construction machinery for installing piles. If, in addition, it is also equipped with a hammer for immersing them in the ground, then such a mechanism is considered to be a piling installation. Hammering is most often done with a diesel or hydraulic hammer. A more advanced technology is the vibrational deepening of the pile. It can occur in combination with a pressing or impact action.
Combined piling rigs may have additional equipment. Often these mechanismsdrilling equipment is installed. It is necessary for arranging a leader well in high-density soil. At the point of installation of the pile, the soil is drilled to the required depth with a drill. A pile driver installs a pile in the well. Under its own weight, it is partially buried and then hammered to the design depth.
Design Features
Combined pile driver or pile driver is a massive mechanism on caterpillar or wheel drive with a prefabricated mast or boom for lifting the support with a winch and placing it in a predetermined position. It can be self-propelled or transported by a tractor. Equipment from leading manufacturers of construction equipment is equipped with powerful and functional manipulators for gripping and lifting profiled metal supports. They are immersed in a vibrational way.
Different equipment can be installed on piling rigs. The most widely used diesel rod or tubular hammers. They use energy from fuel combustion in the working chamber to accelerate the striking part. Hydraulic and pneumatic hammers are also used. In these units, fluid and compressed air are used to lift the drummer, respectively. In some cases, the installation can be equipped with a unit for reverse action - pulling piles out of the ground. This uses an elevator in combination with a shock or vibration mechanism.
Pile-driving rig SP-49
This unit is domestically producedbeen used for over 25 years. It is used in civil, industrial and private construction for the arrangement of pile foundations. Has several modifications. Combined piling rigs SP-49D with a diesel hammer can not only install piles according to coordinates, but also drive them into the ground.
SP-49 proved to be a good side. It differs in maneuverability, is reliable in work, has good functionality, is checked up by time and severe weather conditions. In addition, it is the most affordable and quickly payback mechanism for driving reinforced concrete piles up to 12 m long.
The SP-49 pile driver is built on the basis of the T-10 (T-170) tracked off-road tractor. It is equipped with a pile-lifting mast that can be moved to adjust the position and angle of inclination. When installing drilling equipment, the SP-49 pile driver can make wells in soils of various densities, including leader ones to facilitate the process of sinking the support.
Pile-driving rigs: technical characteristics on the example of SP-49
The total weight of the unit is about 30 tons, and it may vary depending on the modification. Including the weight of the installed equipment - from 5 to 8.5 tons. During transportation, the piling installation has a length of 10 m, with a width and height of 4.3 and 3.5 m, respectively. Dimensions in the working position are: length × width × height - 4.7 × 5 × 18.5 m. Mast outreach when adjusting the position - up to 0.4 m.
Maximum weight of the pile to be lifted - up to 5 tons, weight of the hammer- up to 7 tons. Total load capacity - 12 tons. Changing the working position of the mast to the right-left - up to 7º, back and forth - up to 18º. The pile driver lifts at a speed of 16.5 m/min. Productivity per shift - 38 supports. Noise in the cab and working area - 80–110 dB.
Pile driving control
Maintenance staff of the unit - 3 people. The driver of the piling installation, in addition to direct control of the mechanisms, is responsible for the maintenance of systems and components during operation, identifies and, if possible, eliminates malfunctions. His duties include: refueling with fuel and lubricants, participation in the current and scheduled inspection, repair of mechanisms and systems of the installation.
People with pile driving driver's licenses are allowed to operate the unit. They must have practical knowledge of the rules for operating the installation under varying loads and in various environmental conditions. Equally important is the experience and skills of quality work, compliance with labor protection and safety standards when operating complex mechanisms.
