Villages and houses are now being built at a pace that outstrips the development of utilities and infrastructure. Electricity is not lagging behind as fast as gasification, water supply and sewerage. For each such system, there are only a couple of alternative options: generators, liquefied gas, wells and wells. Whereas the sewerage of a country house can be equipped according to one of the existing technologies - it can be a primitive cesspool, as well as a deep cleaning station, not counting intermediate solutions. With the last one mentioned above, the output can be water that would be suitable even for watering the garden.
The principle of operation of the cesspool
If you need a local sewage system, then you can choose the simplest version of it - a cesspool. The principle of its operation is quite simple, it lies in the fact that sewage, used water, as well as kitchen drains enter the storage tank through a pipeline. It is located in the courtyard. As it fills, it must be cleaned withsewer machine. Such a system can be of two types: a sealed pit and a pit without a bottom. In the first case, a plastic container is used, which is buried in the ground.
Tips for installing a cesspool without a bottom
If a country house is operated as a summer residence, and living in it is not permanently provided, it would be more expedient to equip a cesspool in which there is a filtering bottom. This scheme is suitable if the amount of wastewater does not exceed one cubic meter in 24 hours. Such a solution is possible when the soil has a sandy or sandy type, and groundwater is located no higher than 2.5 m from the surface. Digging a pit, and the topsoil is spread over the site, while 1.5 m3 of soil should be left for the installation of an insulating layer that will be located above the ceiling.
Pipes are laid along with the arrangement of walls, the latter can be concrete or brick. Pipes should be placed at an angle to allow natural drainage. When a local sewage system is arranged in the form of a cesspool, a pipe must be laid in the upper part of the second compartment from the surface, turning it inside the well. After installing the pipes, covers and rings, you can proceed with the installation of hatches. When brickwork is used, 30 cm of soil must be excavated at the level of the walls. This will allow the concrete slab to be laid on the ground and on the walls of the well. The slab is covered with soil to the level of the surface, while the hatch must remain free.
The principle of operation and recommendations for arranging a sealed pit
Local suburban sewerage can be implemented by arranging a sealed cesspool. The principle of its operation is that sewage enters through pipes into a sealed container and awaits pumping. The volume of the pit must be calculated, taking into account the volume of drains that will fall on the family. If you often use the dishwasher and washing machine, as well as take an intensive bath and shower, then the drain hole will have to be cleaned up to 3 times a month. The drive can be made in the form of a plastic container.
Wells are not so airtight. An excellent option would be the Eurocube, the volume of which is 1000 liters. For many, it is precisely such local treatment facilities that are preferable; sewers in the form of sealed drain pits should have a ventilation outlet with a diameter of 10 cm or more. The end of the pipe is carried out 70 cm above the ground. At the next stage, pipes are laid, trees should not grow along their route, as this may limit access to them if repairs are needed.
The principle of operation of a septic tank
Quite often, a septic tank is installed in houses and buildings outside the city. Local sewerage for a small family will be enough. If you decide to use this particular option, then you must first familiarize yourself with the principle of the system. It provides for the presence of several cameras, the first of which actsseptic tank, where wastewater from the sewer system goes. At this stage, impurities are filtered and decomposed. Under the influence of bacteria, they turn into sludge, clarified water and a gas fraction. Then the water enters the next chamber, which is called the filtration well. Gases are removed through the vent.
Such a local sewage system for a country house contains three compartments where water enters and soil is absorbed. This is ensured by the presence of a drainage layer and perforated walls. This principle of operation allows the wastewater to be decomposed into separate components that do not pose a danger to the environment. The functioning is based on mechanical processes and biological processing methods. At the first stage, domestic wastewater enters the sump, which must be large enough so that the entire volume of waste can fit there. In a few days, heavier inclusions will settle to the bottom. The liquid through the overflow pipes will flow into the next compartment, inside which there are anaerobic bacteria. They are able to decompose organic compounds into simple fractions. As a result of their activities, carbon dioxide and heat are generated, and then they are removed to the outside.
Tips for arranging a septic tank
Local sewage treatment can be created on the basis of concrete rings. They will need 9 pieces, among other things, you need to purchase three sewer manholes. At the next stage, three wells are dug, the depth of each of which should be three meters, thenas the diameter will be equal to 2.8 m. At the bottom of the first two pits, a concrete pad is made. Next, concrete rings are installed. In this case, in each pit there will be three rings. The gaps between them should be filled with liquid glass, and the distance from the walls to the rings should be covered with soil.
Pipe installation
Local sewage in the form of a septic tank should include pipes through which wastewater will move. The sewer pipe should be led into the first well at a slight angle. Whereas when connecting the first and second wells, it should be remembered that the pipe should be located 20 cm lower. The next pipe, which connects the second and third wells, is located another 20 cm lower. Waste water from the first two compartments must not leak. Concrete pillows and liquid glass will ensure the tightness of the containers. That is why this stage should be given special attention. When a local sewage system is being built, crushed stone or gravel must be laid on one third of the well, each of which will act as a filter. If water from the last well will flow into the reservoir, then a chlorine cartridge should be placed on the bottom. It is possible to use special bacteria or algae as a filter.
For reference
Local sewerage for a house in the form of a septic tank has many advantages and some negative sides, the last of which are expressed in the need for a large area for locationsystems. That is why not all property owners can afford the installation. Among other things, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of the compartments so that there are no cracks in them. You can take care of this by coating the inner walls of the rings with bitumen or grouting them.
Conclusion
Quite often in country houses and buildings within the city, local treatment facilities are used today. Sewers can be made using different technologies, but one of the simplest is a cesspool. The most preferred is a hermetic structure, the pipes for which are laid below the depth of the soil freezing lines. If this is not possible, then the pipeline requires insulation.
