Modern country houses in terms of comfort and living conditions have long been not inferior to furnished city apartments. However, in order to ensure comfort, their owners need to install engineering communications, and first of all, install water supply and sewerage systems.
Water supply and sanitation
Water supply is an engineering system that consists of pipelines and special equipment (filters, automation, storage tanks, pumps) designed to supply houses with water. The sewerage system is required to remove waste products and used water from the house, if necessary, provides primary purification of incoming effluents.
Connection
Both water supply and sewerage can be connected to a centralized system or be autonomous. In the first case, registration and obtaining additional permits are required, but significantlyreduces overall costs. The installation of autonomous water supply and sewerage systems does not require such permits, but when the facility is put into operation, engineering networks will be checked for compliance with sanitary norms and rules, as well as other technical requirements.
Internal networks
Before installing water supply and sewerage systems, it is necessary to understand the peculiarity of these communications.
Plumbing and sewerage, like other engineering systems, have much in common. These communications are divided into external and internal parts. If we talk about internal networks, it should be understood: the fundamental difference is that for the water supply system, the entry point of the pipeline inlet to the house is considered the starting point, for sewer networks, the exit point of the outflow pipeline is the final one.
Internal water supply networks consist of a starting dispensing unit, pipelines for cold and hot water, a source of hot water (boiler, boiler or heater), supply points to consumer points and water intakes (showers, washing machines, toilet bowls, sinks, washbasins and etc.). Also, the installation of the internal sewerage system, in addition to pipelines that lead from consumers - toilet bowls, includes a sewer riser, as well as a place where the outlet pipeline is removed from the structure.
Outdoor networks
Outdoor water supply consists of a system of pipelines that passoutside the building, pumping station, water supply source (well or well). The external sewer network includes a discharge pipeline, a treatment plant or a septic tank. In addition, it may include pumping equipment.
Design
When installing heating, water supply, sewerage systems, the main condition is the design, it is impossible to do without this stage. Otherwise, the systems will not work properly.
First of all, this concerns taking into account the slopes along which pipelines are laid or replaced and the angles of rotation. If the slope is too small, a blockage will begin to form in the pipelines. If you do not calculate the required slope in advance, you can ensure that the value becomes negative, and the water will flow back. Naturally, not in the room, but constipation forms, which eventually becomes clogged with various deposits and completely blocks the pipe.
When designing and installing sewerage systems, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angles of rotation. For example, large waters (fecal) must not be drained at angles, the degree of which is more than 90.
Selection of materials
By installing heating, water supply, sewerage systems, you can save a lot. For example, the sewerage system is quite unpretentious. However, you should not get carried away and invent a cost-effective knee option on your own.
Also, don't forget aboutpiping, which is somewhat different for intra-apartment and street wiring. The reason for this is the different operating conditions. Internal pipelines are practically not subjected to loads compared to external communications, which are located in the movable zone. For this reason, the installation of the sewerage system located outside is carried out from more durable pipelines with a larger diameter than those located indoors.
Main installation steps
Installation of the sewerage system directly depends on the other utilities - heating, water supply. An unprofessional approach to this type of work can lead to a malfunction of the complex as a whole. As mentioned earlier, the first stage in the installation of a sewer system is design. The following steps can also be distinguished:
- Internal communications device.
- Installation of external engineering systems.
- Connecting all sections and elements.
- Startup and subsequent system he alth check.
It is important to note that without experience, it is almost impossible to independently make a high-quality installation of a sewerage system.
Installation of engineering networks
- Don't forget about the slope of the pipelines, which is the main component. The clarity and duration of your engineering communications depend on the slope.
- It is necessary to start the installation of water supply and sewerage systems from clearly fixed points. As a rule, the device of these networks begins withoutlet and then gradually moved to plumbing and stormwater intakes.
- Subsequently, no further impact should be exerted on the pipelines. This item is especially important for plastic elements, which can crack anywhere. This is especially true for joints.
- Pipe sections must be well fixed so that they do not sag on sinks and bathtubs, as well as in places with a long distance.
- Installation of the sewerage system must be started from the lowest point. If we are talking about an apartment, then the main riser is chosen as such a point. In private households, it is the intersection of the foundation.
- Then, in accordance with the project, draw lines of communication. Make a slope of about two centimeters. Next, fix the mounting clamps. Then assemble the system in series and secure the pipelines with clamps.
- And finally, install all the plumbing fixtures, leading them into the outlets fixed in place.
When using cast iron pipelines, the list of recommendations is an order of magnitude larger than the one presented, but such water supply and sanitation systems are no longer relevant.
Firstly, they are very expensive, and secondly, they are inconvenient to install, as they require a heavy cutting tool, and you certainly cannot do without special skills.
However, such structures have a plus: cast-iron pipes can drown outsounds of merging liquid, which plastic elements cannot handle. Therefore, for plastic pipelines, additional sound insulation is required. This must be taken into account at the design stage. Otherwise, you will have to listen to not very pleasant sounds in your apartment.
