Both when building a new country cottage, and when carrying out repairs in old houses, it becomes necessary to provide drinking water. And if it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, then in this case it will be necessary to install a system that will provide water supply to a private house from a well. The communication scheme will look like this.
At first glance, there is nothing special. The most common water supply system from a well: a pump, a couple of appliances and an expansion tank. However, in reality, the process is very time-consuming and complex. Therefore, like many other construction works, it is customary to break it down into stages. Each will be described below.
Designing an autonomous water pipeline
Before you make water supply to a private house, you must complete the first and one of the main steps -design of autonomous water supply system. To do this, you should contact qualified professionals. During its implementation, a large package of necessary documents is developed and assembled together, which will be needed in order to ensure the water supply of a country house from a well.
The project includes the information described below.
- Depth of the aquifer and its location.
- Marking and diameter of water pipes for wells and communication wiring in the house.
- Depth of outdoor plumbing.
- Overall dimensions and location of the caisson.
- Determination of the place where the station for the water supply of a private house will be located.
In the future, installation will be carried out in accordance with the project.
Depth and location of aquifer
This is one of the most important factors on which the general scheme of water supply from a well is based. From this indicator directly depends on how water will rise from the bowels of the earth. If the depth is less than 9 meters, then an automatic pumping station will be installed. If more, then a deep submersible pump. Also, these indicators will help to calculate the required amount of time and finances needed to develop the soil.
Information regarding the level of the aquifer can be obtained in different ways.
- From special geological maps that will correspond to the development area.
- Order a water search service at the site in the organization,which specializes in the well drilling industry.
- Inquire about the depth of the well in the neighboring area.
The last option is the least effective, because it will not give an exhaustive answer, but will help to understand the approximate distance to the underground source of life-giving moisture.
Calculating the diameter and material of water pipes
There is another very important point that needs special attention. To date, not all pipes that are commercially available in stores and construction markets are suitable for installing water supply from a well. And in order to choose the right material, you need to pay attention to the markings.
Pipe for water supply of a private house should be approximately marked PPR-All-PN20 (25), where:
- PPR is the name of the material from which the pipe is made (polypropylene).
- All - the presence of an internal layer of aluminum, which allows you to increase the resistance to deformation.
- PN20 (25) - a number indicating the pipe wall thickness and the maximum allowable pressure, measured in MPa.
As for the diameter of the water supply, here one should be guided not only by the size of the threads of the pump and the automatic pressure control system, but also by the number of water consumers. Basically, for a low-rise cottage, they are standard and equal to 1 ″ (25 mm). Given that the polypropylene pipe is classified one size larger, you should purchase material withmarked 32 PPR-All-PN20, where the first number indicates the outside diameter.
Choosing a pump for a well
A properly selected pump is the key to uninterrupted water supply to the house. And in order for it to serve faithfully for a long time, it is necessary to take into account the nuances.
- Only a centrifugal pump is suitable for wells. If a vibration pump is lowered into the casing, it will certainly damage not only it, but also the filter element.
- The quality of the water that will rise from the well should not be worse than in the pump's passport data. The fact is that if the well is made on sand, then small particles of sand will come across in the composition of the water. If the design of the pump does not provide for this, then it will soon fail.
- In order for the pump for the water supply of a private house to fully provide not only the rise of water, but also the pressure in the water supply, it is necessary to calculate its passport data using the following formula: H=hs + 0, 2xL + 30 + 15%, where H is the minimum a column of water, which is indicated in the passport; hs is the immersion depth of the pump from the earth's surface in meters; L is the distance from the entrance to the house to the entrance to the well.
- Protection of the pump against dry running. Another very important point, which is that the water passed through the pump performs the functions of engine cooling. And if the pump does not cool down during operation, it will overheat in a matter of minutes and fail. The way out is to purchase a pump equipped with protection from the factory or additional installation of the necessaryautomation in the house or caisson.
After the water supply of a private house from a well has been designed, the internal wiring diagram of the communication, the location of the aquifer and its position have been determined, and all the necessary material has been purchased, you can proceed with the installation work.
Drilling a well
Drilling a well is a rather laborious process. It takes a lot of time and requires certain skills. For this reason, it is not recommended to perform this type of work on your own, but it is better to invite qualified specialists with all the necessary equipment.
Depending on the depth of the water layer and the composition of the soil, several types of drilling are used.
- Auger.
- Rotary.
- Kolonkovoe.
Immediately it should be noted that the latest methods of ground penetration involve the use of flushing fluid, the function of which is to remove the destroyed rock layer.
The process of drilling the well continues until the water horizon is reached. After that, you need to continue the process and reach the rock, which is waterproof.
As soon as everything is ready, it is necessary to insert a casing pipe into the drilled hole, at the end of which there will be a filter made of stainless mesh with a fine cell section, and the cavity formed between the pipe and the soil must be filled with fine gravel.
Flushing the finished well is the final stage of the work. This procedure can be carried out manuallypump (pump) or by lowering a submersible pump into the casing. Flushing is necessary until clean water appears.
Installation of a submersible pump in a well
Installation of a submersible pump is carried out directly in the well. This process is time consuming and requires special attention. Therefore, we propose to consider the sequence of work.
- A non-return valve is attached to the pump outlet, which prevents the pump working chamber from emptying and draining water on its own after the pump is turned off. In the part of the pump that is responsible for the intake of water, an additional cup-shaped filter is installed, which protects it from the ingress of silt and dirt.
- The upstream pipeline is attached to the check valve.
- The electric cable is connected to the standard wire of the pump using a waterproof coupling and fixed along the entire length of the supply pipe.
- Fix the cable to a specially designated place on the pump.
- The free end of the pipe must be passed through the head of the well, the wire should be passed through a specially designated hole, and the cable should be fixed to the head itself.
Next is the process of lowering the entire structure into the casing. To do this, one person needs to be directly near the well and slowly lower the pump into the middle, and the second person needs, so to speak, to insure and feed the structure.
After the entire installation procedure is completed, it is necessary to fix the head on the casingpipe, and connect the power cable to the mains.
Caisson: its device and dimensions
Like the entire water supply system at home from the well, and its individual components need protection. For the head of the well, it is provided by a caisson. Its proper organization allows you to extend the life of equipment, valves, and also makes it possible to service all nodes without hindrance. The arrangement of the caisson is carried out by several methods.
- Metal mounting.
- Pour concrete on exposed formwork.
- From concrete rings with a diameter of at least 1 meter.
- Installation of a ready-made caisson made of plastic.
The best option would be to pour concrete yourself, as plastic is not as strong and requires additional reinforcement, metal tends to corrode and break down, and concrete rings do not provide the normal maintenance or repair space that a station may need to water supply of a private house.
The depth of the caisson directly depends on the level of soil freezing in the area of work, and on what type of pumping equipment is selected. Let's look at an example of what the depth of the caisson will be. Let's assume that the level of soil freezing is 1.2 m. This means that the water supply going to the house will be located approximately 1.5 m. Further, we take into account that the wellhead should be located at a distance of 20-30 cm from the floor of the caisson. The thickness of the concrete pour will be approximately 100 mm, and the layer of crushed stoneapproximately 200 mm. Now, by simple arithmetic operations, we obtain the desired depth of the pit for the caisson: 1.5 m + 0.3 m + 0.3 m=2.1 m. Well, if it is planned to install automation or a pumping station in the caisson, then its depth should not be less than 2.4 m (taking into account the distance of 1 m to the floor from the level of soil freezing).
Another important point. It lies in the fact that the entrance to the caisson should protrude 30 cm above the ground, and to prevent the accumulation of condensate in the summer and frost on the walls in the winter, it is necessary to equip the natural ventilation system of the room.
Water supply to the house
After the pump is installed, it is necessary to proceed with the installation of the pipeline leading to the house. To do this, as the diagram indicates, the water supply system of a private house (or rather, its separate part) is laid in a trench, the depth of which should not be less than the estimated mark of soil freezing.
In the event that the automatic pressure control system will be placed directly in the caisson, and according to the project it is planned to bring water supply not only to a residential building, but also to outbuildings, it is necessary to equip all trenches in a similar way and drill all the necessary holes, required for plumbing installation. After that, a pre-insulated water pipe is laid. Next, you should sprinkle the water pipe laid in the trench with sand, level the surface and spill it with water. This will ensure an evendistribution of the sealing sand layer.
In the same trench, you can lay an electric cable that will power the pump from a 220 V network. To do this, you need to stretch it into a plastic polypropylene or polyethylene pipe, lay it over the sealing layer of the water supply, and drill another hole in the wall of the caisson. Having sprinkled the electrical cable a little with soil, a special polyethylene tape should be laid, which, during earthworks, will signal the approach to electrical and water communications.
Automation of water supply from a well and its connection
One of the most important points that will improve the water supply of a private house from a well is a pump automation scheme. It is implemented in order to maintain a stable pressure in the water supply system and prevent premature pump failure due to constant pumping of water. According to its properties, the automatic water pressure control system should perform the following functions.
- Control the pressure in the water supply system and, if necessary, turn on the boost pump.
- Protect the pump from overheating and premature failure. Implemented by a dry running sensor.
- Emergency shutdown of pump power in case of pipeline failure.
It is possible to assemble the entire automatic system for parts, but this is only advisable when at least half of the entire configuration is available. Otherwise, you can just go to the store andpurchase the automation that, at its price, meets all the necessary requirements for providing a private house with water.
The water supply scheme from the well shown in the picture shows how to install all the necessary components. If the automatic pump control system is not equipped with dry-running protection, then it is recommended to install it additionally.
Final stage
Plumbing for premises is the stage that completes the installation of water supply in a private house. It is already carried out when all other work has been completed, and it remains only to connect the water consumers. It can be made both open (pipes run along already lined walls) and closed (all plumbing is hidden behind decorative wall trim) using a pipe labeled in accordance with the standards of materials used for food purposes.
I would like to note that the use of metal-plastic pipes for a hidden wiring system is not suitable, since during operation there are often cases of the need for additional crimping of joints (fittings). The best option is to use plastic pipes, all the details of which are connected using a special soldering iron. They can guarantee no water leakage at all joints and do not require additional maintenance.
Basically, that's it. The water supply of a private house was installed from a well. Automatic pressure control circuit assembled and installed. Now you caninstall plumbing fixtures and enjoy the fruits of hard work to the fullest.
