Until recently, only city dwellers could use hot water. Today, such communications are often mounted by owners of suburban real estate. In low-rise buildings, hot water and cold water systems can be assembled using different technologies. Owners of suburban areas, if they want to have hot and cold water in a private house, will need, first of all, to choose the right pump, as well as a heating unit.
What equipment can be used
In order to provide a country house with hot and cold water, first of all, of course, it is necessary to drill a well on the site and equip the caisson. In most cases, this work is entrusted to specialists. Next, you will need to purchase equipment designed to supply water to the building.
There are many types of borehole pumps on the market today. Such equipment is usually selected depending on the well flow rate and its depth. It is believed that pumping stations are most suitable for short mines. Such devices, during operation, suck up water and supply it to the house. Equipment of this type is installed in the caisson.
Long wells in private homes are usually equipped with submersible pumps that push water up. A feature of this type of device is the presence of a protective casing. Such pumps, together with the supply pipe and power cable, are immersed directly into the mine.
To supply hot water to a private house, the owners of a suburban area, among other things, will, of course, have to pick up a heating unit. Today, many towns and villages, even relatively remote from large cities, have gas pipelines. Therefore, most often in private houses for heating water, equipment operating on "blue fuel" is used.
A good answer to the question of how to conduct hot water in a private house can be the following types of such units:
- gas water heaters;
- boilers;
- gas boilers.
The last type of equipment is not only responsible for the uninterrupted supply of hot water in the building. And heating in a private house is provided in most cases using the same device. Such universal boilers are called double-circuit.
Selection of a geyser
Most often, owners of private houses use just such equipment to heat the water supplied from the well. Double-circuit boilers are expensive and somewhat difficult to operate. In addition, if such a unit breaks down, the residents of the house will be left both without hot water and without heating.
Boilers are cheaper than columns, but they are even less convenient in operation than double-circuit boilers. Water in such units is not heated immediately, but for several hours. Columns are related to flow type devices. That is, the owners of the building who installed such a device can use hot water immediately after they open the tap.
When choosing a geyser for supplying hot water to a private house, its owners should first of all pay attention to its parameters such as:
- performance;
- maximum allowable system pressure;
- ignition type.
From such an indicator as the maximum allowable pressure, it depends primarily on whether the column will turn on at all if necessary. For suburban residential buildings, units are usually chosen for which this indicator does not exceed 1.5 bar.
Hot water pressure in a private house should be large enough. This can be especially important when appliances such as a shower, dishwasher, bathtub are installed in the building. According to the regulations, for HW this indicator should not be less than exactly 1.5 bar.
The performance of a geyser for hot water in a private house should be such as to ensure maximum ease of use of the system by all of itstenants. People in the building should be able to use all plumbing fixtures at any time.
Ignition for equipment of this type can be:
- manual;
- electric.
The first type of speakers is considered not very convenient, because the owners of the house have to press the corresponding button every time to launch them. The advantage of devices of this type is considered mainly only their non-volatility. Electric ignition appliances are more expensive, but are considered more economical in terms of gas consumption and convenient to use.
How to choose a gas boiler?
It is possible to provide hot water to consumers in a private house with your own hands using such equipment. When buying a unit of this type, in addition to performance, you should pay attention to such a parameter as the material used for the interior decoration of the storage tank. It is best to purchase units of this type for private houses with tanks, the surface of which, in contact with water, is protected by titanium sputtering. The service life of such containers is much higher than that of those coated with enamel or glass porcelain.
The performance of such equipment directly depends on the volume of its tank. At the moment, the industry produces boilers that can provide a house with 50-300 liters of water.
Choice of double-circuit boiler
Such equipment is primarily selected by power depending on the area of the room. After all, high-quality heating is a factor somewhat moresignificant than the uninterrupted supply of hot water to a private house. Owners of residential suburban buildings also choose gas boilers for hot water, paying attention to their following parameters:
- heat exchanger type;
- power control system.
Heat exchangers for such equipment can be:
- separate;
- biometric.
The first type of aggregates is distinguished primarily by its high cost. There are two types of heat exchangers in such boilers. One of them is responsible for heating water in the heating system, the other - in the HW network. The main advantage of such units is the absence of scale even after prolonged use.
Gas boilers for hot water in a private house with biometric heat exchangers work a little differently. Such equipment is cheaper, but at the same time it does not last as long as the units of the first type. Water for hot water and heating systems in boilers of this type is heated at the same time.
Selection of pumping equipment
When choosing a station or submersible unit, first of all, pay attention to such characteristics as:
- performance;
- pressure.
The first parameter of the pump, like that of heating equipment, must meet the water needs of the people living in the house. The pressure of such equipment is calculated by the formula:
H=(Gs+R+Vd)x1, 15, where
Gs - well depth, P - distance fromshaft to the house, Vd - the height of the water intake point, 1.15 - the coefficient of resistance.
Calculation of the required amount of water
Thus, both when choosing heating and supplying equipment, when installing water supply systems, you should first of all focus on the needs of the residents of the house.
Calculation of pump performance is based on the fact that 1 person consumes 1000 liters of water per day. That is, for a family of 3 people, it will be needed in the amount of 3 m3. To purchase a pump, however, according to this indicator should be with some margin. After all, several taps can be open at the same time in a building.
When choosing heating units, of course, not the total water consumption, but the required amount of hot water is taken into account. In this case, everything will depend on the preferences and habits of the people living in the house.
Calculation of hot water consumption for a private house is best done, of course, taking into account the norms of SNiP. This indicator is determined using complex formulas and special tables. However, on average, for 1 person in a building equipped with a shower, a kitchen sink and a sink, about 300 liters of hot water with a temperature of 55-57 ° C should fall per day. Based on this, an approximate calculation can be made.
What tools and materials do you need?
After completing all the calculations, you can proceed to the actual assembly of the hot water and cold water system in the house. In addition to the heating unit and pump, to install such a network, you will needpurchase, of course, pipes, through which hot and cold water will circulate in a private house in the future.
In most cases, when installing hot water and cold water systems, polypropylene lines are pulled. Pipes of this type are able to withstand sufficiently high pressure, serve for a long time and are relatively inexpensive. The only drawback of this type of equipment is the complexity of installation. Such lines are assembled using a special device called an “iron”. Of course, not every owner of a country house has the skills to work with such a tool. The services of a specialist can be quite expensive.
Also, pipes can be used when assembling water pipes:
- strong and durable metal-plastic;
- strong but rust-prone steel;
- copper.
The last type of mains is mounted mainly only in large expensive cottages. Copper pipes are much more expensive than any other. But at the same time, they have a service life of more than 100 years. In addition, copper is able to make the water in contact with it more beneficial for the human body.
In addition to pipes, to supply cold and hot water to a private house, you may also have to purchase a collector. You should choose a comb, focusing on the number of plumbing fixtures in the house and the material for making highways. The collector, of course, must first of all have the right number of inputs and outputs. For a country house, it is best to choose such equipment,made from the same material as the pipes.
Combs are currently, unfortunately, quite expensive. However, if desired, such equipment can be made with your own hands from machine tool corners and tees.
A coarse filter is another type of fixture that must be mounted when assembling such systems in private homes. Hot water, like cold water passing through the mains of the building, of course, must be, among other things, also clean. The coarse filter removes particles of dirt, silt, etc. from it directly at the entrance to the house.
Also, if necessary, the building can be additionally installed:
- iron remover;
- softener;
- fine filters;
- disinfectants.
Softeners in domestic water systems are used to remove excess s alts from the water. Thus, the owners of suburban buildings protect the household appliances used in them from the formation of scale and thereby extend their service life.
Roof irons in private homes are installed quite rarely. Installation of such equipment becomes necessary only in some areas. Devices of this type are used to remove excess iron from water, an excess of which can be harmful to the human body.
Of the tools for assembling the HV and HV system, you may need, among other things:
- gas and conventional keys;
- "iron" or welding machine;
- hacksaw;
- drill;
- level, etc.
How to conduct hot water in a private house: project
Before proceeding with the installation of the hot water and cold water system, of course, it should be a detailed project. When developing this document, first of all, you need to decide on the schemes for laying external and internal highways.
A street pipe from a well to a building in suburban areas is pulled in a trench dug below the ground freezing. At the same time, such highways are usually additionally insulated. If such installation is not possible (for example, on a rocky area), special heating cables are used, which, depending on the type, can be pulled inside the pipe or wrapped around it.
Hot water distribution in a private house can be carried out according to two main schemes:
- from one pipe;
- using a collector.
The first technique is usually used in one-story country houses of not too large area. The advantage of such a scheme is the simplicity and low cost of installation. The disadvantages of wiring this type include unequal water pressure in plumbing fixtures.
Collectors are most often installed in large cottages with a significant number of consumers. Such systems provide the same pressure in all appliances installed in the house. However, when installing them, you have to use a very large number of pipes, which, among other things,can be quite difficult to disguise.
Hot water recycling in a private house
In large suburban buildings, water supply systems can be equipped in a slightly different way. Hot water in the mains at a time when no one uses the network, of course, stagnates and cools down. Therefore, the owners of the house have to subsequently merge it for a long time.
To avoid such inconveniences, a recirculation pump and thermostatic valves are additionally included in the circuit. Equipment of the first type provides a constant circulation of hot water in a private house from the boiler to consumers. Valves block the flow when it reaches a certain temperature in one or another part of the circuit.
By looping hot water in a private house, thus making the use of the network much more convenient. However, in this case, the HW system, unfortunately, becomes completely volatile. That is, if the voltage drops in the mains, residents will not be able to use hot water.
Step by step installation instructions
Assembling water supply systems in country houses in several stages:
- external highway being laid;
- if necessary, a cleaning system is mounted;
- installing a boiler or column;
- the hot water supply section is connected to a boiler, column or boiler;
- both lines are being wired.
Additionally, as already mentioned, when installing hot water forhot water recirculation in a private house, a special pump can be installed.
Laying an external line
When assembling the water supply system of a country house, the street pipe is pulled along the trench simultaneously with the pump power cable. When arranging the caisson in its wall, of course, a hole is provided for this highway.
The pipe from the well is brought into the house through the foundation. The highway is passed into the building in an insulating sleeve. At the entrance to the house, a coarse filter is first mounted on a street well pipe. Further, they can be installed in series: softener, fine filter, decontaminator.
Heater Installation
Such equipment, of course, also needs to be installed correctly to ensure uninterrupted water supply to a private house. Hot water is supplied to consumers in a country building from a boiler, boiler or column. Such equipment may be installed directly in the building. In large cottages for units of this type, a separate room is usually allocated. In small private houses, boilers and columns are in most cases mounted in the kitchen. In any case, it is necessary to install gas equipment in a building in a room with a volume of at least 15 m33, which has a window with a window.
The method of installing such equipment depends on its variety. Columns and boilers in most cases are hung on the wall. Double-circuit boilers are most often installed on the floor on a pedestal poured from concrete or simply on a metal sheet.
When using gas heaters, such a procedure as installing a chimney becomes mandatory. Such pipes can be brought out into the street both through ceilings and roofs, and through the walls of the house. When installing a chimney, the owners of a residential building must comply, among other things, with the following requirements:
- pipe section should not be less than the diameter of the inlet pipe of the unit;
- chimney to prevent the formation of soot, it is desirable to sleeve;
- from the vertical the pipe in all sections should deviate no more than 30 degrees;
- at least one of the sections with a length of at least 1.5 meters must be strictly vertical;
- if the pipe goes to the roof no further than 1-1, 5 from the ridge, it must rise above it by at least 50 cm.
When is a chimney not required?
With the use of gas equipment, it is possible to provide year-round hot water supply in a private house. How to make such a network on your own is thus clear. But just installing a heating unit in the house and wiring will not be enough. Of course, the owners of a country building must also take care of their safety when operating such equipment. Chimneys when using gas units are almost always mounted.
When using a double-circuit boiler, it will be necessary to assemble such an exhaust system in any case. Optional installation of a bulky chimney is considered only for geysers, in the design of whicha closed type combustion chamber is provided.
In this case, a hole is first made in the wall, into which a coaxial pipe with two branches is inserted:
- removing combustion products;
- outdoor air intake.
A column with a sealed chamber is subsequently superimposed on the wall directly at the pipe entry point.
Installation of pipes in the building
After various kinds of water-improving equipment, a tee is usually mounted on the main line coming from the well. Further, the HV and GV mains are connected to it. The pipe of the last variety is pulled to the heating unit, after which the strapping is made. The last procedure is performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for this particular type of equipment.
When using a sequential scheme, at the next stage, the main pipes of hot water and cold water are first pulled around the perimeter of the kitchen and bathroom. Next, with the help of tees, branches are connected to consumers.
When using a parallel collector circuit, wiring begins with the installation of a comb. Such equipment can be mounted in a niche in the wall or in a special cabinet. At the next stage, in this case, the cold water pipe from the cleaning devices is connected to the inlet pipes of the collector, and the hot water line is connected from the boiler. In a private house, further, when installing such a system, branches are extended from the outlet pipes of the comb to each plumbing fixture.
When laying the main andadditional highways in both wiring diagrams are supposed to use the building level. Pipes during the installation of a water supply system of the first type can be mounted both in an open way and in a closed way - in strobes. Collector lines are in most cases hidden behind building structures.
Rules for installing and connecting plumbing fixtures
Shower, kitchen sink, toilet bowl and sink in a country house, of course, also need to be mounted correctly. The standards for the installation of such devices are as follows:
- the toilet bowl is installed at a distance of no more than 1-1.5 m from the sewer riser;
- the distance between the bathtub and the shower must be at least 70 cm;
- the sink from the bath or shower is mounted with a gap of at least 30 cm;
- basin and sink faucets are installed at a height of about 120 cm from the floor;
- from the surface of the floor to the top edge of the tub, a distance of 60 cm should be provided;
- sink and sink mounted at a height of 85 cm.
After the installation of the water supply system in a country house is completed, it is mandatory to check its performance. Detected faults are eliminated, after which the network is put into operation.
