Recently more and more people use compressors. This tool greatly simplifies everyday household or professional tasks. Not a single industrial or any other production can do without this equipment. In everyday life, it is also very convenient to solve many tasks with the help of these units. Let's look at the main types of compressors, their design and scope.
Problems that the compressor helps to solve
This equipment allows you to quickly and very easily inflate a volleyball ball or inflate a variety of air structures (for example, a swimming pool). The compressor helps to water and spray plants, clean clogged pipes. Artists use these units to perform airbrushing. Furniture restoration and upholstery specialists use some types of compressors in restoration work. Compressed air is essential for the functioning of the furniture stapler.
Advantages of compressors over power tools
Compressors are safer. The air tool does not have a motor.
Also, the equipment is as versatile as possible - this is a combine that allows you to connect a lot of different tools to it. They also have the widest area of use and practically no alternative to solving some problems compressors.
Types of compressors, purpose and principle of operation
There are several types of aggregate data. All of them have a different device, principle of operation and scope.
And it's worth starting a review of equipment with the history of these mechanisms.
How it was created
The main task that compressor equipment solves is air compression. Machines designed for this, with a capacity of up to 100 k / m per minute, are divided into two groups. These are rotary (screw) and piston. You can see all kinds of compressors with photos in this article.
One of the earliest reciprocating compressors was built about 300 years ago.
The German Otto Von Guericke worked on its development. The equipment was more experimental than industrial. This sample had a mechanical drive, and the physical strength of a person was used as energy. In 1800, the Englishman George Medhurst presented equipment that ran on steam energy. Thenon the basis of this unit, a perforator powered by air was created. But this tool had a serious drawback - frequent explosions. The workers who used it suffered severe burns.
The first sample of the screw assembly was made only in 1878. It was assembled by the German engineer Heinrich Kriegar. A more modern analogue was developed in 1932. This equipment had a slightly different principle of operation.
Screw compressor features
Speaking of industrial units, it should be noted that they have an impressive cost. But if you need a long and significant consumption of compressed air volumes, screw types of compressors are an excellent choice and an economical solution.
Screw compressor device
A special screw pair is used as the main element of this type of equipment. To reduce friction and increase the durability of the work, the steam is placed in an oil bath. This is the main part of the setup. Among the main elements are a suction valve, a filter system, a screw pair, a separator, a receiver, an electric motor.
Working principle
Through the suction valve, a series of air filters enter the screw pair, and then the air-oil mixture is formed. Two rotors or screws compress and send this mixture to the pneumatic system. Next, the air with oil enters the separator, where the second is separated from the first. The oil goes back. Air enters the outlet.
Oil in units of this type plays a very important role. So, the main function is cooling. In addition, oil formsgap between the screws. Also, with the help of oil, air is transported, the working elements of the mechanism are lubricated.
Advantages of screw compressors
This unit has a low noise level during operation. It can be installed without any problems with equipment that is the consumer of compressed air. The process of replacing parts if necessary is very quick and easy.
Distinguish between direct drive and belt driven devices. The resource of the mechanisms is very large. These compressors are extremely versatile and practical.
Modern industrial models have a reliable automation system that ensures trouble-free operation. If you need a lot of compressed air, and the consumption will be constant, then these types of compressors are perfect for this purpose.
Reciprocating compressor features and benefits
These solutions are the most common type of air handling equipment, even as more and more technological devices appear. These units are very easy to use, any problems can be fixed almost immediately. These solutions differ in terms of energy saving, although they lose a little to screw units. Some, if not all types of refrigeration compressors are piston type.
Besides simple design and affordable prices, this equipment is well suited for heavy duty applications. However, with all the advantages, there are also some disadvantages. This is a high temperature (due to the fact thatthe piston is too tight against the cylinder). A variety of radiators are used for cooling, however, for solving problems when you need to prepare a lot of compressed air, no radiator will help.
Reciprocating compressors: device and principle of operation
At the heart of these aggregates is a very simple, if not primitive, two-part mechanism. This is a cylinder and a piston. In turn, the latter is connected to the crank mechanism.
The piston fits very tightly against the cylinder walls. The air compression process is provided by the reciprocating motion of this piston. Air is compressed at the bottom. For free exit, the equipment is equipped with an inlet and outlet valve.
Other types of compressor equipment
In addition to these popular solutions, other compressors are also used in industry to compress air. Their types and purpose depend on what gases you have to work with. If chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen, oxygen and other gases are used as a working medium, it is necessary to use gas units that can work with any type of gases. So, there are piston, diaphragm, screw, jet, centrifugal and axial compressors.
Refrigeration compressor equipment
The refrigeration unit's compressor unit is used to compress gases and then pump them directly to the refrigerator. According to the principle of operation, refrigeration equipment can be divided into three groups: spiral, screw and pistonsystem.
With reciprocating compressors, you can get serious savings on purchase and then maintenance. Piston equipment for refrigerators, in turn, is divided into sealed units, open and semi-hermetic. This degree of sealing directly affects how securely the refrigerant will be stored in the system.
In semi-hermetic solutions, the motor and compressor are enclosed. They are interconnected and have a single body with the possibility of disassembly for maintenance. Open models are equipped with an electric motor, which is located outside the unit housing. The drive is carried out through the clutch. This equipment is used in especially powerful cooling systems.
Types of car compressors
Car compressors are an indispensable attribute of any motorist. It helps to easily cope with most of the troubles on the road. There are several types of such units. A typical car compressor consists of a cylinder, a pressure gauge, and an electric motor. The durability of the product depends on how well these parts are made.
Compressor equipment is often used for tire inflation, which means that the main working material is air. Piston devices and membrane devices are suitable for this. Enough has been said about piston compressors, but there are other compressors. Their types and types for use in a car are not too diverse. In addition to piston, membrane equipment is also used.
Bas a working unit, which is responsible for pumping air, use a special canvas. This membrane performs reciprocating movements during operation. Due to them, air is injected. Often these devices have a higher durability, since they do not have parts rubbing together. But the power is much lower. Of the shortcomings - the complete impossibility of using during severe frosts.
Now it is clear what types of compressors are, where they can be used, how they are arranged and how they function.
