Such a fruit crop as a plum finds its place in any household plot. If you choose the right varieties, then it can be grown in many regions of our country. Breeders have created a huge number of winter-hardy species and hybrids, which are zoned to the conditions of prolonged frosts. Plum red, yellow and its other varieties are a relatively fast-growing crop, so a gardener can get his first significant harvest a few years after planting.
General information
The variety of varieties that produce fruits of different colors and have different ripening periods, as well as easy care, have made this tree one of the most common crops in summer cottages. For gardens in central Russia, according to experts, red plum is best suited. Description of varieties, their growing conditions and care are presented in this article. Plum is considered one of the most common fruit trees in our country. It is grown as often as apple, pear, apricot, cherry.
Description of red plum varieties
The best choice for landing in the middle lane of our country is the red plum. Varieties of this species are characterized by a characteristic color. The most common of these is the Chinese plum. It is more juicy and soft compared to other domestic varieties. "Red Ball" is the second name of the culture.
Another variety - "red mirabelle" - has small oval fruits. In the Central Black Earth region of our country, the "Soviet renklod" is very popular. This variety is characterized by high yield and disease resistance.
Plum red "joy" has an average ripening period. Its fruits have a dark red color and a sweet and sour pleasant taste. Juicy pulp also has a variety of "early" with a small bone. In our gardens, there are also varieties "Alenushka", "Zhiguli", "Souvenir of the East", "President", "General's", "Candy" and many other actively cultivated varieties.
Taste
Almost all types of red plums have a smooth thin skin. They are used both fresh and prepared. Depending on the variety, the red plum may have a sweet or sour taste. One hundred grams of fruit contains about forty-six kcal. Red plum in its composition has about eighty percent water, eleven - carbohydrates, mono- and disaccharides, and the rest is vitamins, fiber and trace elements. In terms of the content of potassium, iron and folic acid, this fruit surpasses many equally popular garden fruits.culture.
Mature fruits differ primarily in skin color. Due to its unique chemical composition, red plum has excellent dietary and even medicinal properties. Its regular consumption in food leads to the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, the rapid removal of excess s alt and water from the body.
"Red Ball": variety description
The plum tree first appeared in Western Asia. It was here that cherry plum and blackthorn were spontaneously crossed. Chinese plum is very popular in the gardens of the Moscow region, both due to its taste and versatility. It can be processed and consumed fresh. The main virtue that has made this red-colored plum so common is its small stature. If other varieties can grow up to fifteen meters, then the low "Chinese woman" is very convenient in terms of harvesting. Her tree grows to a maximum of two and a half meters, has spreading branches and a not too dense crown.
The taste qualities of the fruits of the “red ball” are estimated by experts at four out of five possible points. Its fruits stick very tightly around the branches, sometimes even hiding the leaves. This feature of the crop leads to its high yield. Subject to agrotechnical standards, one Chinese plum tree can produce up to eighteen kilograms of delicious fruits. The variety in terms of maturation is early. The fact is that this plum blooms earlier than the rest. Therefore, by August, you can harvest.
Description of "precocious"plums
This is another very popular variety in our country was bred by Chinese breeders. With proper observance of the agricultural technology of growing plum "early ripening" red brings an excellent harvest. Her tree is low, having a spreading spherical crown. The fruits have the correct shape of the ball. They have a fragrant sweet taste and bright orange flesh. The advantages of this variety are a relatively long shelf life - up to twenty-five days, winter hardiness, unpretentiousness and low susceptibility to pests and diseases.
Nutritional value of Alyonushka variety
This red plum produces perfectly round fruits. "Alyonushka" is a medium-sized tree with a spherical crown. The variety is not demanding in care, so it is recommended for growing gardeners. Even a person who is far from gardening can get a good harvest of delicious berries.
Alenushka plum is one of the low-calorie fruit crops. One hundred grams of the pulp of its fruits contains an average of only forty-nine kilocalories. It is excellent for both canning and fresh consumption. However, housewives should remember that its energy value in dried form increases much - up to 240 kcal.
Plum pulp of the Alyonushka variety, when eaten regularly, reduces the level of acidity in the body, so the variety is very useful for gastritis or heartburn. Doctors recommend that hypertensive patients also eat it, as it fights well with high blood pressure.
General information about the "general" plum
This variety has taken root well in the climatic conditions of the middle zone of our country and even beyond the Urals. "General's" red plum is considered one of the most delicious fruits that ripen in summer. Its fruits can be consumed both fresh and canned. The tree of this variety perfectly tolerates frost. The culture is pollinating. It is best to plant it next to the "Ural" red plum.
Exactly excellent taste and served as the reason for such an original name of the variety. The fruits of the "general's" plum are quite large in size and soft tender pulp. They make incredibly delicious jams, compotes and jams. The tree is characterized by low growth and the ability to withstand frost. The weight of one fruit can reach up to forty to fifty grams. This plum blossoms at the end of May for three weeks. The crop gives its first harvest in the fourth year after planting. Depending on the region of cultivation, the fruits can be painted in various colors, ranging from orange-pink to bright red. They taste mildly sweet with sour notes. They contain almost all vitamins of the C group, a lot of calcium, iron and manganese. One hundred grams of the pulp of this fruit contains the daily norm of such a trace element as zinc.
"Japanese" plum
This variety is distinguished by its decorative effect and high yield. In general, the red "Japanese" plum is undemanding to care for. The variety is frost-resistant and is able to bear fruit perfectly even with minimal observance of the rules of cultivation. Today it is ubiquitous in Russian gardens. In addition, the culture is widely used by landscape designers as it grows very quickly.
The discoverer of the variety was Luther Burbank, who is also called the "American Michurin". It was he who at the beginning of the twentieth century introduced many native species of plums to the United States from the Far East and from Japan. Having carried out breeding work with them, crossing them with other varieties and cherry plum, he got quite interesting hybrids.
The leaves of the "Japanese" plum are elongated, more like peach. The variety has light shoots, on which large buds appear on thick pads. This plum is unusually quick-fruited: the very next year after planting, it produces a crop. The fruits are round, red, on short stalks. The pulp practically does not separate from the bones. By weight, its fruits are considered the largest in the world. Plus, they're incredibly delicious. In addition to fast and large-fruited, the "Japanese" plum is distinguished by regular and abundant fruiting. The tree definitely needs annual cyclic pruning so that the crown can rejuvenate.
"Kuban" plum: general characteristics
The variety is characterized by precocity. The fruits are medium in size and bright red in color. "Kuban" plum was bred in the eighties of the last century. Due to its taste characteristics, it is very popular with Russian gardeners. The variety is characterized by fast growth. The first harvest can be obtained already in the fourth year after cuttings. fruits enoughlarge. Subject to all the norms of agricultural technology, they can reach a weight of up to forty grams. The skin of the plum fruits of this variety is strong, but thin, and the flesh is colored in a juicy yellowish color.
Spread out
This plum can be classified as a shrub. The variety has excellent decorative properties, therefore, in many household plots, a “spread out” plum is an element of decoration in landscape design. When choosing this variety, it should be remembered that even in the conditions of central Russia, a tree can freeze in winter. As a result, it will die or, at best, will restore its green mass for decades. Therefore, despite its good taste, this red plum is more used for decorating garden plots.
Krasnoselskaya
She is the result of Chinese breeding. The variety is excellent for growing in Siberian or Far Eastern climates. Outwardly, the Krasnoselskaya plum is a stunted tree with a spreading crown, on which, during the fruiting period, small, completely round red fruits are formed. With proper care, even a novice gardener can get a bountiful harvest. The fruits of this variety have a weight of about twenty grams, there is practically no seam on them. The skin is red and smooth, while the flesh is fibrous and yellow.
This plum has a high sugar content with a medium aroma and low acidity. The flowering time of this variety is medium, and ripening is later. The tree bears fruitonly for the fourth year. The variety is partially self-fertile with high yields and moderate drought tolerance.
