Lofts in country houses today in many cases are made residential. At the same time, airtight materials, for example, plastic film, are used when sheathing slopes. As a result, the attic of houses often turns out to be almost completely airtight. Accordingly, in order to ensure normal air exchange in such rooms, they are equipped with a ventilation system.
Such engineering communications are also installed in cold attics. If they are present in such attics, ice will not form on the eaves of the roof in the future. In summer, intensive attic ventilation in a private house helps to reduce the heating temperature of roofing materials. And this, in turn, allows you to significantly extend their service life.
What types of systems can be used
Thus, the question of whether ventilation of the attic of a private house is needed should not be faced by its owners at all. Set up a ventilation systemthe premises will have to anyway.
Attic ventilation is installed in private houses, usually using the same technologies as in the main rooms. At the same time, networks of this type can be equipped in the attics:
- with natural air circulation;
- forced.
In the first case, ventilation holes are simply provided in the roof structure. At the same time, they are placed in such places that air can circulate freely through the attic in a natural way.
Artificial ventilation in the attic is equipped with special equipment. Also in this case, air ducts are pulled through the attic.
How to provide natural ventilation
This is how ventilation is usually arranged in a house with a cold attic. In this case, different methods can be used to ensure ventilation of the attic. But most often, a number of holes are left under the ridge of a cold roof during its assembly. At the same time, perforated soffits are used for filing cornices. In this case, a small draft is created under the slopes and the air begins to circulate freely inside the attic. He enters the attic, into the holes in the filing of the eaves and is removed through the ridge.
Very often, so-called aerator pipes are used to provide natural ventilation in the attic in a private house. Such fungi are passed through the slope in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ridge. Basically, they just replace the top vents. The advantage of using them is, first of all, that they do not get clogged with snow in winter.
Dashers
This ventilation method is usually used for medium-sized attics. Mount dormer windows in the attic in such a way that they are located opposite each other. When installing such elements, among other things, follow the rules:
- Windows must be 60 x 80 cm minimum;
- the step between windows should be at least 1 m.
Ventilation of insulated ramps
In this case, approximately the same ventilation technology is used as on cold roofs. That is, holes are provided under the ridge and in the sheathing of the eaves. But the air in this case circulates not inside the attic, but in the stingray pie. In order for it to pass freely under the skin, an air gap of 3-5 cm thick is provided between it and the waterproofing. It is equipped using ordinary bars. Such lumber is simply used to attach the waterproofing to the rafters. Instead of holes under the ridge in this case, aerators can also be mounted.
Design
When installing ventilation in a cold attic in a private house with natural air circulation, they usually take into account only that:
- outlets and aerators should be located as close to the ridge as possible;
- the step between them should be no more than 60 cm;
- holes in the filing of cornices for free access of air must be drilled in such a quantity that 1m2 they accounted for at least 10 pieces (with a diameter of 2 cm).
The forced ventilation system, which in most cases is part of the general house network, is not worth designing on your own. Such work should still be entrusted to a specialist. Mistakes in the development of a scheme for laying air ducts in a private house cannot be made in any case. Otherwise, for example, in the living quarters, the smells of the kitchen and the toilet will subsequently appear, the owners of the house will significantly increase their heating costs in winter, and so on.
Materials and tools for mounting the forced system
The project of forced ventilation of the house, including the attic, is usually trusted to specialists. But you can, of course, mount such a network according to the schemes developed by the engineer yourself. Materials for work in this case will need to be prepared as follows:
- plastic or metal air ducts;
- clamps;
- self-tapping screws;
- consumables - angles, tees, nozzles.
From the tools for mounting such a network, you will need a drill, building level, square, tape measure, hammer, etc.
How to make ventilation in the attic of a private house: step-by-step technology for installing forced networks
Such systems are usually assembled only in heated attics. As already mentioned, the attic ventilation network in this case is part of the common house.
To get into the buildingfresh air, when installing forced systems, a hole is pre-drilled in the wall of the house. Then a pipe is inserted into it. From the side of the street, this element is closed with a decorative grille. Inside the house, a supply air duct is connected to the pipe. When using such a scheme, the outlet line is passed to the roof of a private house. The output of the ventilation pipe through the attic is carried out using the passage nodes. They are mounted in the thickness of the ceiling and slope.
After that, both main lines are connected to the air handling unit. At the next stage, sleeves designed for air intake and supply are stretched into the premises of the house, including the attic. If the owners introduced ventilation into the attic in a private house, they will subsequently have to ensure that there is always a positive temperature in this room. If the building is heated irregularly, the air ducts in such an engineering network must be insulated.
There are certain rules for laying a ventilation system in private homes. Through the attic, if it is residential, as well as through ordinary premises, air ducts are most often stretched behind the wall cladding. At the same time, the sleeve supplying fresh air is taken out to the attic, having made a hole in the lining below, next to the ceiling. Next, they mask the exit with a decorative grille.
The outlet sleeve is brought out higher - under the ceiling or closer to the ridge. With this arrangement of ventilation holes, ventilation of the attic will be more efficient in the future. After all, warm, already polluted air in the attic, as in any other premises, according tolaws of physics, always rises up.
Air handling units
Such equipment, when assembling forced networks, is usually mounted in the attic itself. It is best to purchase installations of this type with a recuperator for arranging the ventilation system of a country house. In such units, the air entering from the outside is heated from the exhaust stream before being supplied to the premises. As a result, building owners have to spend less on heating in winter.
One more way
Sometimes attic ventilation in private houses with an air duct system is carried out in a slightly different way. In this case, dormers are equipped in the attic. The flow of air into the premises is subsequently provided through them. To drain it, holes are made in the attic cladding at the very top and a sleeve is led into them from the main hood of the building.
Ventilation in the attic of a private house with your own hands: how to mount aerators
Such elements, as already mentioned, are used to remove polluted and water-filled air from the attic or from the thickness of the slopes. They mount ventilation aerators on the roof of the house, including with their own hands, using a fairly simple technology. To install them:
- cut a hole in the roofing material;
- mounting the pipe itself;
- fix the casing.
When installing aerators, it is mandatory, among other things, to use a sealant.
Technologies for filing cornices
In large cottages, the overhangs of the slopes are usually closed using perforated spotlights. Builders do not have to perform any additional actions to ensure ventilation of the attic of the house or the slopes of its roof. But spotlights are quite expensive. And therefore, when building budget houses, of course, they are usually not used.
When building small summer cottages or residential suburban buildings, do-it-yourself ventilation is usually done in the attic of a private house. At the same time, in most cases, the cornices are hemmed with an edged board. In such material, to ensure ventilation of the attic, holes are made with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm, placing them in small increments.
Quite often, cornices in country houses are hemmed with clapboard. Holes in such material for ventilation of slopes are not made. The slats of the lining, since they do not differ in significant width, are simply placed at a small distance from each other when sheathing the eaves. The ventilation of the slopes in this case is provided through the gaps between the boards.
When building small cheap houses, cornices are sometimes hemmed with profiled sheets. In order for air to pass freely into the attic, this material is usually mounted in such a way that a narrow gap forms between it and the wall of the house along the entire length.
Dasher Assembly Technology
Such elements of the attic ventilation system of a private house can be mounted using different methods. The easiest, of course,in this case, insert the frame between the rafters and complete it with a double-glazed window with a profile. But if desired, more aesthetic dormers can be arranged on the roof.
In this case, the builders make some changes to the very design of the truss system of the house. That is, in fact, they assemble a separate frame under the window. For its installation most often:
- attach vertical posts to the rafters and connect them at the top with a horizontal bar;
- connect the resulting U-shaped structure with the rafters at the top with a board or timber;
- assemble a mini-truss system on the thus made "box" of the auditory opening;
- sheathe the walls of the dormer window and its “roof” with insulation and roofing material.
At the final stage, a double-glazed window is inserted into the U-shaped opening.
Modern double-glazed windows, as you know, are tight. For attics, you should buy special designs of this type, supplemented by ventilation valves. Through the latter, in the subsequent winter season, fresh air will flow. In the summer, the sashes of such windows can simply be kept ajar.
Builders Tips
Whatever scheme of attic ventilation is chosen by the owner of the building, when arranging such a network, all the required technologies should be observed exactly. This will guarantee the uninterrupted operation of ventilation in the attic in the future. When installing such networks, among other things, it is worth adhering to such recommendations fromexperienced builders:
- dormer windows in the attic should be placed at an equal distance from the ridge, the edges of the slopes and the eaves;
- rooftop aerators can only be installed if the slope angle is 15-45 degrees.
Also, experienced craftsmen advise beginners, when arranging ventilation, to place the supply and exhaust equipment no closer than 8 meters to the outlet pipe.
