Until recently, growing grapes in central Russia, the Urals and Siberia seemed completely impossible. However, recently, breeders have bred a huge number of winter-hardy varieties that feel great, including in the northern regions.
Isabel raisins
Gardeners of the Moscow region, the Volga region, Siberia and the Urals, who want to grow grapes in their suburban area, should first of all pay attention to just such varieties. They are great for landing next to gazebos, sheds, fences and walls. In terms of taste, isabelle raisins are somewhat inferior to table varieties. However, at the same time, very tasty compotes and wines are obtained from them. The most common kishmish frost-resistant grape varieties are:
- Relines Pink Seedlis;
- Lydia.
Variety Relines Pink Seedlis
This hybrid was bred in America in the 80s. Its main distinguishing featuresare very early ripening (110 days) and seedless berries. Also, the advantages of this variety include resistance to fungal diseases and a high coefficient of fruitfulness (1.9). The berries of this variety are quite small (2-3 g). Rilines Pink Seedlis can tolerate low temperatures down to -30 degrees. Therefore, it is not necessary to cover it for the winter.
Grapes Lydia
This is one of the most common frost-resistant technical varieties. Its distinctive features are very small loose clusters and pink berries. The taste of this grape is very unusual - sweet, reminiscent of strawberry. The advantages of the Lydia variety include the transportability of fruits, resistance to powdery mildew and mildew, the ability to self-pollinate, and frost resistance. Among the shortcomings, summer residents note the lack of resistance to phylloxera, the rapid growth of stepchildren, the shedding of berries in strong winds.
It is necessary to make wine from this variety with strict adherence to technology. With various kinds of disorders, it can release substances harmful to the human body (causing sclerosis). Fresh berries are absolutely safe.
Unpretentious varieties
Very often summer residents of Siberia, the Central regions and the Urals grow unpretentious table frost-resistant grape varieties. In terms of taste, the berries of these varieties are inferior to dessert ones. However, at the same time, they do not require increased attention. The most popular varieties of this group include:
- Tukai;
- Codryanka;
- Aleshenkin.
All these are very well suitable winter-hardy grape varieties for the Moscow region, non-covering. These varieties feel great in the Urals, and in Siberia, and in the Volga region.
Variety Tukay
This early ripe grape is vigorous and high yielding. The clusters of the Tukay variety are very large - they can reach a weight of up to 1 kg, and the berries are medium in size (2-6 g). The advantages of this variety include the possibility of storing berries for a long time (until April) and resistance to mold. The main disadvantage of the Tukay variety is considered to be low disease resistance.
Kodryanka grapes
It is also a very early, vigorous table variety with high disease resistance as its main advantage. Clusters of this grape can reach a mass of 600 g. The yield of the Kodryanka variety is excellent. A distinctive feature of this grape is the reduced acidity of the berries. You can eat them already with a set of sugar content of 12%. Like many other winter-hardy grape varieties, perfect for the Urals and other cold regions, Kodryanka gives not too sweet, but quite tasty berries. Some disadvantage of this variety is the tendency to pea.
Aleshenkin
This variety was bred by mixing pollen from several varieties of garden grapes. Its main advantages are excellent taste of berries, early ripeness and high yield. Bunch of grapesAleshenkin are very large, they can reach a weight of 0.7-2.5 kg. The color of the berries of this variety is amber with a slight white coating. Each berry can gain weight up to 5 g. It has an average resistance to diseases.
Crazy dessert grapes
Of course, summer residents of the Central Strip, the Urals and Siberia grow up very sweet, but at the same time quite whimsical, not too frost-resistant grape varieties. For the Moscow region and other rather cold regions, they are not very well suited, but with proper care they can also be grown with some success. Paradoxical is the fact that in Siberia they grow even better than in the Middle lane. This happens because in this cold region there are no “black frosts”, that is, the snow cover in winter is always quite thick. The most popular dessert frost-resistant varieties include:
- Hussein;
- Cardinal.
Husayne Grapes (Ladyfingers)
This is one of the oldest varieties of folk selection. Its main advantage is simply excellent taste, large clusters with very elongated berries, productivity and vigorous growth. This grape can tolerate frosts, but not more than -12 degrees. Therefore, it does not apply to non-covering. For the winter, you need to bend it to the ground and stretch the film. You can not plant the Husaine variety on poor soils or in places unprotected from the wind. This sweet grape is also not very disease resistant.
Variety Cardinal
This grape was bredAmerican breeders. Frost-resistant grape varieties obtained on this continent for Siberia, the Urals, the Moscow region and other cold regions are often very well suited. The main distinguishing features of the Cardinal variety are rather large clusters (up to 520 g) and simply huge berries (up to 3 cm in diameter). The advantages of the Cardinal variety include, first of all, excellent taste qualities. The berries of this grape have a very juicy sweet and at the same time slightly crunchy flesh and a slight musky aroma. At the same time, they are transportable and can be stored for up to 3 months.
The disadvantages of the variety include sensitivity to parasites and pathogenic microorganisms. The yield of this grape is highly dependent on weather conditions. Like the Cardinal, it should be carefully covered for the winter.
Early hybrids
Especially appreciated by summer residents, of course, frost-resistant grape varieties of a very early ripening period. These, in addition to Relines and Aleshenkin, include:
- Memory Dombkowska;
- Tomsk
Early frost-resistant grape varieties, the photos of which can be seen below, are well suited for growing in cold regions, primarily because their berries have time to ripen even in the most unfavorable summer.
Grapes Memory Dombkowska
This early ripe variety has a high yield and can withstand frosts down to -28 degrees. It belongs to the table-raisins. The berries of the Payat Dombkowska grapes have an averagesize and collected in small clusters. Their distinctive feature is a very dark, almost black color. Their flesh is juicy and sweet and sour in taste. The advantages of the variety include disease resistance and high yields.
Like many other frost-resistant grape varieties, suitable for the Urals, Siberia and the Central Strip very well, Pamiati Dombkovskoy differs in that its berries can ripen even in the most unfavorable summer. Today it is one of the most promising varieties in terms of cultivation in the cold regions of the country.
Tomic Grapes
Variety Tomic also refers to early-ripening hybrids. It was bred by the breeder R. F. Sharov. The clusters of Tomich grapes are medium in size, and the berries are white, round, very sweet. They are mostly consumed fresh. Variety Tomich can be used as a winter-hardy stock in areas with the most unfavorable climate.
Mid-ripening varieties
Grapes of this variety are also very much appreciated by Siberian and Ural summer residents. Such varieties are also grown in the Middle lane, Moscow region, and the B altic states. The most popular mid-season varieties include:
- Cudgel;
- Katyr.
These frost-resistant grape varieties, photos and descriptions of which will be given below, do not require shelter for the winter, are unpretentious and capable of producing high yields.
Grape Dubinushka
This is also a variety of R. F Sharov's selection. Its distinguishing features are very large berries with good taste. The advantages of the Dubinushka variety include, first of all, unpretentiousness and high productivity. The frost resistance of this grape is average, and it should be covered for the winter. This grape is best suited for cultivation in South Siberia.
Katyr
This is another interesting variety from R. F. Sharov. His clusters are very small (142-250 g) loose. The berries are also small in size and dark blue in color. The Katyr grape ripens in early September. Berries with a peculiar taste can hang on bushes for a very long time and are practically not damaged by wasps.
All the frost-resistant grape varieties described above (with the exception of dessert ones) do not require shelter for the winter and are relatively unpretentious. However, of course, it is necessary to take care of grapes of any variety. This crop should be watered periodically. Also grapes need to be fed. Requires most varieties and pruning to regulate yield. Do not need this procedure, basically only vines of Isabelle varieties.
