Every owner of suburban real estate knows very well how many problems waterlogging the soil brings, especially if the suburban area is located in a low place. In this case, a drainage device is simply necessary. What danger is fraught with excess moisture in a suburban area?
Moistening of the soil as a result of heavy precipitation and snow melting creates a danger not only to the garden plot, but also to the building directly located on its territory.
Prolonged stagnation of moisture leads to the death of lawn grass, garden flowers and fruit trees, because for the normal development of their root system oxygen is needed, which is practically absent in waterlogged soil. For buildings, excessive soil moisture also poses a threat of destruction of the foundation structure, contributes to the manifestation of biological processes (mold, fungus, various microorganisms) in the basement. Often this leads to a loss of thermal properties due to deformation processes occurring in the structures of doors and windows.
What does a drainage device provide, and what types of it exist? Drainage - thisa system of pipelines and auxiliary structures that provide a reduction in excess ground or ground water. To do this, under the expected level of groundwater, perforated pipes are laid, having holes of a certain diameter in their walls. The drainage device on the site is carried out in two main ways - surface (linear) and deep.
To quickly remove excess water, which was formed from precipitation and melting snow in the spring, a drainage device is used around the house in a superficial way. To drain groundwater, which are at a depth of up to 1700 millimeters, a drainage device is used by the deep method. These two types of drainage can be combined into one system and work perfectly in a single complex. Before performing work on the installation of a drainage system, it is important to have the results of analyzes of the soil layer of the personal plot and measurements of the depth of groundwater. The technology of the device of drainage systems assumes its two types: open and closed.
The open system of deep open drainage is distinguished by the simplicity of the device and minimal financial costs. It is carried out in the form of excavated open trenches, in rare cases with reinforced concrete trays installed, which have a slope to the water intake (drainage well). In other cases, a ravine, pond or swamp is used as a water intake.
The greatest convenience and durability in operation isclosed drainage device. For its installation, it is first necessary to dig trenches, the depth of which is from 700 to 1500 mm, and the width is at least 500 mm. At the bottom of the trenches, sand or gravel preparation with a height of 100 mm is arranged, and only after that, perforated drainage pipes, which are usually made of ceramics, are laid. Directly with their help, groundwater is collected and diverted to the drainage well.
