The lack of a firebox for coal or electricity in the house can always be compensated with the help of natural natural fuel - firewood. Moreover, this resource will be significantly cheaper compared to expensive natural gas. That is why many owners today refuse modern methods of heating and are looking for alternative heat sources. In these cases, a design such as a pyrolysis boiler can come to the rescue. It is quite possible to make such equipment with your own hands, but first you should consider in more detail what this device is and how it works.
General concept of pyrolysis
The principle of the pyrolysis boiler is the thermal decomposition of substances that have a complex chemical composition, while not entering into compounds with any other reagents. This means that the molecules of a particular element are split into lighter and elementary parts. It is this phenomenon that is called pyrolysis.
This scheme is widely applicable in those private houses where there is no stationary heating. It is worth noting thatpure pyrolysis is characterized by the fact that the decomposition of fuel into elements takes place without access to oxygen in a special vessel, and then the resulting gases enter the accumulator and are used if necessary.
The big advantage of such installations is that you can add materials for combustion directly during the operation of the device. In addition, this equipment is able to operate on any solid fuel and maintain the desired temperature for quite a long period of time.
Design of the pyrolysis combustion boiler
In such devices, the firebox consists of two parts. The first is a loading chamber - here, with a small amount of oxygen, the fuel burns and pyrolyzes, and all the gases released in the process burn out already in the second part of the device, called the combustion chamber. Secondary air enters there, and heat removal is very small.
The pyrolysis boiler is also distinguished by the fact that the separation of its two parts is made using a grate covered with briquettes. The incoming air flows through the wood from top to bottom, and it is this property that distinguishes this equipment from other household heating appliances.
Such boilers have high aerodynamic resistance, which makes it necessary to have forced draft, which is sometimes carried out using a special smoke exhauster, and not a standard fan in such cases.
The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler
As you know, boilerspyrolysis combustion works on the principle that wood decomposes under the influence of high temperature, eventually turning into coal (solid residue) and a volatile mixture.
Due to the process taking place in the loading chamber, generator gas is released, which, passing through the boiler nozzle, interacts with secondary air and burns. The temperature in this case is 1200 °C. The resulting volatile mixture crosses the convective part of the heat exchanger, giving up its main energy, and then is removed through the chimney of the device.
Both internal chambers of this equipment are covered with a special lining that prevents the penetration of fire. This makes it possible to increase the temperature inside the apparatus and create the most favorable and efficient conditions for burning wood.
Advantages of a wood-fired boiler
When making a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands, it is important to remember the main advantages of this equipment, which distinguish it favorably from similar devices used for heating.
The large volume of the loading chamber and high efficiency make it possible to maintain the set temperature for a rather long period of time compared to traditional devices. There are models that are quite capable of working 24 hours with just one bookmark of fuel.
Pyrolysis boilers practically do not need to be cleaned, since the combustion process does not form soot, and the amount of ash produced is minimal.
Combustion products inthis equipment are less harmful to he alth when compared with other devices, since the amount of substances on a carcinogenic basis in them is significantly less. The resulting mixture is mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor, which is unlikely to be hazardous to human he alth.
Another indisputable advantage that a pyrolysis boiler for the home has is the ability to regulate power over a very wide range (from 30 to 100%). In addition, such a device has the function of recycling waste without air pollution, which has a positive effect on the environmental situation and indoor climate.
Fuel used for pyrolysis combustion boilers
The optimal fuel used for such equipment is wood, which has a length of about 400-450 mm and a diameter of 100 to 250 mm. Sawdust can also be burned along with solid logs, but such waste should not occupy more than 30% of the volume of the loading chamber.
It is best to use the material whose moisture content does not exceed 40%. This will not only make the device more efficient, but also extend its service life. Such protective measures are easy to explain: 1 kg of wood with a moisture content of 20% releases energy of 4 kW / h, and with a moisture content of consumables of 50%, the same volume can provide only 2 kW / h.
From this it follows that the heat and efficiency of fuel combustion directly depend on the amount of water contained in it: the more it is, thethe result will be worse. Therefore, just before loading wood, it is important to make sure that it is well dried and does not contain excess moisture.
Schemes for creating a pyrolysis boiler
To understand how much material to use during installation, it is recommended to seek help from special diagrams for the construction of such equipment. Various drawings of the pyrolysis boiler can always be found from specialists involved in similar work.
So, the diagram of this device, as a rule, displays the location of the furnace, heat exchanger, as well as the area where water will be supplied.
It is very important to correctly connect all parts of the boiler in accordance with the drawing, so that the whole structure works properly and reliably. Do not forget that the coolant is air, which can heat the room at no extra cost. This fact allows you to save a significant part of the financial resources spent on heating, especially in comparison with other structures of this purpose.
Tools for making a pyrolysis boiler
To create this equipment yourself, you need to have a certain set of auxiliary materials available. In addition, it is necessary to collect as much information as possible about the work process, from consumables to assembly. After that, it is required to correctly calculate all the parameters in order to determine what the optimal type should be.combustion, suitable for a particular room, since there can be two of them: either with a slot burner or on a grate. All materials necessary for installation can always be purchased at specialized construction stores, since today there should be no problems with the choice.
So, making a pyrolysis boiler requires the following tools:
- 4mm thick steel sheet;
- iron pipe with the same parameter;
- electrode set;
- round rod with a diameter of 20 mm;
- several profile pipes;
- temperature control devices;
- centrifugal sample fan;
- asbestos cord;
- chamotte brick;
- bolts and nuts acting as fasteners.
Handmade assembly of the pyrolysis boiler
The algorithm of actions for the independent manufacture of such equipment must necessarily be based on the drawing of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler. The assembly process of this device takes place in several stages:
- First of all, it is necessary to cut steel sheets and pipes, creating from them blanks for the boiler body, its furnace and cooler. When doing this, it is important not to forget to process the edges of the material with a grinding wheel and outline areas for welding.
- After that, prepare all the tools required to assemble the device.
- Then you can start the process of creating the corpus. It passes according to the following principle: the end wall is placed on the welding table, and then to it throughspot seams, side faces, lid and bottom held by spacers are attached.
- The next step is to install the boiler furnace, which inside the entire system is presented in the form of horizontal shelves covered with a grate. Also, a throat pipe is attached to it, which performs the function of removing olefins.
- After this, it is necessary to start assembling the filtration and gas cooling columns that go through the furnace body and protrude slightly beyond its limits. They are based on pipes installed in pre-made holes in the body.
- Then, the second chamber of the boiler should be installed, which should be connected to the cooling column. At the same stage, you can install a second wall parallel to the body in order to establish heating. It is separated from the first one by means of a partition.
- The assembly process continues with the installation of the air exchanger and the chimney.
- The last step is the installation of the last (front) wall of the case, equipped with doors and blowers.
This method of how to make a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands is the most proven and reliable, it is fast and relatively easy to work with.
Can an oven be made from a balloon?
Often, the owners, not having the necessary materials for assembly at hand, decide to construct a boiler from improvised means. Particular attention is paid to the tank for liquefied gas, which has a round shape and is suitable in size. In addition, the wall thickness of such a vessel meets the required parameters.
So notit is not recommended to make a pyrolysis boiler from a gas cylinder. This is primarily due to the fact that the body of such an apparatus consists of standard steel, which does not tolerate heat and other chemical influences even at room temperature.
However, you should not completely abandon the cylinder, since it can play the role of a hot water storage tank in a small private house, in addition, due to its small size, heating will be performed quickly, and its shape will retain heat for a long time even when using the simplest isolation. But if you decide to use such a cylinder, the pyrolysis boiler drawings will be completely superfluous - then it is better to refuse to install it.
Required operating conditions
The operation of a pyrolysis boiler, like any other device that operates when exposed to fire, is certainly associated with some risk. Therefore, it is important not only to properly equip the entire system, but also to take care of the safety rules.
So, when making a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands, you need to take into account the following points:
- installation must be done exclusively in non-residential premises;
- it is desirable that the base under the boiler be made of concrete or brick to avoid excessive heating of the coating;
- the device should be positioned so that it is no closer than 30 cm from the walls and objects in the room;
- it is important to provide a room with a boiler with high-quality ventilation so that thevapors came out during operation.
In addition, it is important to remember one more thing: after the installation of the equipment, it is extremely important to insulate its chimney with mineral wool so that tar and condensate do not accumulate inside the pipe.
An alternative to a pyrolysis boiler
Despite the strictly regulated method of making such a device, some owners have found ways to make it using other materials.
According to many, it makes no sense to design a boiler with a power of less than 15 kW. But sometimes you don’t want to create such massive samples, especially if the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is small. It is for these purposes that there is an option to create a pyrolysis furnace, similar in its properties and external characteristics to a boiler. You should not worry about the functioning of such equipment, since the principle of fuel combustion in it is similar.
To make this sample, you will need the following range of materials:
- chamotte brick;
- fan;
- steel sheet approximately 4mm thick;
- ceramic brick;
- doors used for blowing and combustion chamber;
- cast iron grates;
- lever type thermostat.
This stove is an alternative to the standard pyrolysis combustion boiler and is fully suitable for installation in any room. If you want to save money, such a device will become indispensable and will make it possible to heat the entire building with high quality and for a long time.
