Gable roofs: device, installation methods, calculation, design, photo

2024 Author: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 03:30

When a house or any other structure is erected, the question arises: what will be the roof? And the best option is a gable design. The construction process is not difficult and does not take much time. At the same time, everyone will be able to independently implement this project, without skills and abilities. It remains only to understand the structure of the gable roof.

Foundation

The main thing is to create a visually rectangular rafter structure. Thanks to the height and the system of construction, precipitation goes away on its own. It is not difficult to create it, but, according to the masters, there are some nuances. To implement the project you need:

Mauerlat.
Rafter system.
Fire.
Konek.
Roof overhang.
Sleep, struts.
Puffs.
Crate and racks.

To understand what is at stake, it is worth understanding each question:

Mauerlat. This is importantelement, because its main task is to distribute the load on the walls of the house. For this, a well-known rafter system is used. As the main material, a beam with a certain section acts, needles are the most suitable option. It is fixed along the roof area and nailed to the supports, but not to the internal ones. Anchors act as fasteners.
Rafter leg. This is the basis of the future structure. If this is a gable roof (there is a photo of it in our article), then the leg should be in the form of a triangular figure. Because of such a system, the load on the first structure is uniform. Such a system is indispensable, especially in those regions where precipitation falls in the form of snow. For this, a board of 100 by 150 millimeters is taken. It is also necessary to outline a step, but it is most often done depending on the chosen roofing material. The heavier the mass, the smaller the step.
Konek. It is present mainly on all structures, because its task is to fix the entire roof together at the top point.
The fillies are next. They are assigned the role of an overhang, if we consider the installation of a gable roof of a private house. But they are not always required. If the rafter legs are elongated, then they are not necessary. To implement this work, boards are taken, the section may be less than the rafter. With them, the process of building a roof becomes easier.
Roof overhang. It is impossible without it, because the main task is to divert water from the walls during the period of precipitation. An indent of at least 300 millimeters is taken. If this is not foreseen, the wall will quickly collapse.
Sleeping. It is mounted inside the wall. The main task -load uniformity from the roof racks. Used in mounting timber.
Racks. Thanks to them, the load force from the ridge to the inner walls is equivalent in terms of performance. The role of the material is the same as that of the bed.
Braces. Without them, the pressure force from the rafters along the load-bearing walls will go unequal. In tandem, the struts and tie-downs create a particular shape, making the spans capable of handling heavy loads.
Puff. It is a component of a triangle. Thanks to him, the rafters do not get lost in space, but stand.
Crate. Not a single roof can do without this design. For its installation, bars and boards are required. They need to be fixed perpendicular to the rafters. The spans become strong, and they are no longer afraid of any precipitation.

What's next?

Today, gable roofs can have different devices, the same applies to rafters. So, they distinguish layered and hanging. To get it solid, you can use each of these methods. When the outer wall is too close, hanging rafters are used. Again, the whole process is necessary to distribute the load so that the walls can withstand the erected geometric figure.

We continue to study the device of the gable roof of the house. Sloped rafters are a support beam that is mounted in the center. Its task is to transfer the weight of the entire roof to an intermediate columnar support, which is located between the outer walls. When the outer wall is at a great distance, then create such a systemmore convenient and better. During the construction process, it is really possible to alternate these elements.

How to implement the project?

Gable roofs must have a reliable device, therefore, when making a project without experience, you must follow every rule. And the main thing is the strength from precipitation, the weight of the coating material and the person. And it is important to try to avoid transferring a high indicator of gravity to the main wall - the carrier. This is not as easy to create as it may seem to people without building experience. If the technology is chosen correctly, the load on the load-bearing walls will not be large.

It matters what roofing material will become the main covering. In addition, there are special requirements worked out over the years:

Establishing such a structure, you need to know what angle of inclination to adhere to.
If there is a lot of precipitation in the region and the roofing material is loose, then the slopes should be as steep as possible. An angle of 40 degrees is enough so that nothing lingers on the surface. The attic can no longer be used for living. But the installation of a cold attic gable roof must necessarily include waterproofing.
When constant winds occur, it is necessary, on the contrary, to build a sloping roof. Otherwise, the coating may be removed. You need to stick to the indicator of 20 degrees.
When developing a gable roof device with an attic, you should plan the structure in such a way that there is no high rise. Such roofs are suitable for any conditions. But even a gentle stream will not carry effective protection.
Another important point -if the flatness increases, then the material consumption increases, which means that the budget changes in a positive direction. The roof area becomes larger, the material used increases.

Calculation

In order not to go far from the financial side, it should be noted that all calculations are made in advance. It's not that difficult - you just need to measure some parameters, and a house with a gable roof will be ready in the project plan:

You need to find out the area of one slope and make it double. But how to find it? This is done by multiplying the length by the width.
The length of the slope is identical to the wall, but do not forget that this indicator is added to the protrusion of the roof over the front. Measurements are taken from each side.
Rafter leg with a length indicator - this is the width of the ramp. The length of the protrusion of the structure above the bearing wall is added to the result obtained.

It's not so easy to create everything yourself. In order not to be mistaken, you need to find each figure with maximum accuracy, while paying attention to the load and characteristic indicators:

If the house is one-story with a standard design, then two indicators must be taken into account. This is the weight of the roofing material and precipitation during operation.
To get the weight of the entire roof, add up each mounted element, and then calculate by one square meter.
In order for the indicator to be close to the real one, it needs to be increased by 10 percent.
To understand the load from weather events, you need to consider all the conditionscreated in this region. The slope of the slope itself is also taken as a basis. A coefficient is applied to the resulting figure. It is different - you need to have an individual approach in this matter.
Rafters will give all the weight to the load-bearing walls, so their performance is taken into account. In order for the strength to be calculated with a margin, the resulting figure is doubled.

These simple rules allow you to organize the installation of gable roof rafters accurately. It will take a lot of time to build such a structure. It will be difficult for one to implement any project, so the work is done with an assistant.

How to fix the Mauerlat?

As already noted, the first step is to install the Mauerlat. The procedure is carried out in several stages:

When a house is built of wood, the Mauerlat needs to use the same material.
With brick, you can create a more durable structure by fixing metal rods in the masonry. But for this it is worth considering the attachment process. Elements are fixed in increments of one meter. For reliability, waterproofing material must be used.
If a beam is used, then its cross section is large, since the Mauerlat becomes the basis for fixing the rafters.
It is worth paying attention to the shape of the roof itself, because it is important how to fix the Mauerlat. It is important to prepare the material and know what and why is recorded. To prevent the Mauerlat from being torn off by the wind, its position must not be lowered too low.
Waterproofinglayer is a prerequisite in such works. To securely fix everything together, you should use large bolts and metal plates.
In order to prevent sagging of the roofing material, the lathing is mounted from reliable boards and racks. The angle between the main structures is made as straight as possible.
If the rafters are created too large, then you need to build an additional support for them. In order for the exposure force to be maximum, it is necessary to fix it with a nearby element. The gable roof rafters are always included in the roof plan. We will talk about them below.

How to fix the rafter legs?

A simple gable roof will be reliable if the design combines sloping and hanging rafters. In addition to high-quality support, the roof is inexpensive. In order not to be mistaken in the basic actions, it is worth following the recommendations:

To make the structure reliable, the beams are used without cracks and knots.
For the reliability of beams with a length of more than six meters, it is worth making additional reinforcement. Otherwise, there is a possibility of fracture.
Before starting, a rafter template is created. This is done in exactly the same way as in a simple drawing scheme - applied, outlined, sawn off.
On the finished part, cuts are made at the top.
The rafters themselves are mounted next. There is one rule: when one rafter leg is fixed, then on the contrary, the second one is mandatory. This allows you to relieve the load.
When the ramp is too long, it should be spliced. So that reliability is notdecreased, the rafter legs are joined from below.
Requires nails to attach rafter leg. In addition, self-tapping screws are required in the process. For maximum reliability, metal plates can be used.
Rafters can be installed in a hanging position, for this it is not necessary to create support stands. If layering is planned, then it is worth considering each riser in addition. But before mounting them on the floor, you need to make calculations.
If it is planned to make a dwelling on the roof, then such additional boards will become the frame of the side walls.
The distance between the beams should be considered during the planning period.
When this whole system is in the assembled position, you need to take care of the appearance of the skate. From above, it connects the entire building into a single whole. In order for everything to be done with high quality and to be protected from precipitation, it is better to connect it with a metal corner. This is the most reliable solution, experts say.

Reliability must be remembered

When the device of a gable roof with hanging rafters or layered rafters is completed, it is necessary to strengthen it qualitatively. Masters offer a certain technology on which you can work:

If the roof is being erected on a service building or it is of light construction, then tightening from below and a crossbar from above is enough.
Sometimes the building is called easy - for it there is no need to mount an overly complex gable roof. Because the walls are the support and theymust be sized for the extra weight.
When the size of the house is more than 6 by 8 meters, then you need to build a fortified structure. An additional support in the center is quite suitable. These sticks are called "grandmothers". To do this, you need to put such an addition for each pair of rafter legs.
When the wall reaches 10 meters, then the beam itself should become rigid. Special struts are used. They should be near each rafter leg. To do this, use puffs or other fasteners.
Roofs are often made elongated. In this situation, you need to distribute the load on the surface. Enough to install braces. To do this, the installation is made in the corner of the front. From it go to the central beam of the main floor. A beam is well suited, this will completely eliminate the roof tearing off during high gusts of wind.
It often depends on the region what additional fixation is required for the entire roof. If strong winds are constantly blowing, then you need to add diagonal ties. To do this, boards of medium section are taken and fixed from the bottom of one rafter and in the middle of the next.
According to the masters, the use of nails is not always reliable. Fits well with various overlays. They are sold in hardware stores. The fact is that the tree can dry out. As a result, the nails will lose their original rigidity, and the roof will become unreliable.

The construction of a gable roof with an attic has slightly different aspects, because you need to make a frame for the walls. In addition, you will have to try and create the most reliable design. But today everyone is trying to do just such projects in order to add space for living.

Last step

Crate is considered the last step. These are necessary conditions to create a reliable design and not deviate from the requirements of standards and quality. Covering material will already be fixed on the crate. It is worth carefully choosing a tree so that it is free of rot and bumps, cracks. The procedure itself has several steps:

Buy timber is only well-dried. In the process of fixing, the back side is used. To avoid a gap, two consecutive materials are used in the region of the ridge. When the structure is being erected, the workers must calmly walk along the crate, otherwise it will then sag under the roofing material.
Soft roof. It is better to mount a solid crate under it. The first row is boards that are laid, like timber. There may be a distance between them, but insignificant. But on top you need to apply a layer without gaps - a simple edged board (not too thick) will suffice. After that, you need to walk over the entire surface, since knots, cavities and dents on the tree should not be allowed. Nails should not stick out. This method is also suitable for roll coating. The device of the eaves on a gable roof may involve the presence of plastic panels.
Most often people began to use metal tiles. She is solid and reliable. For this, one layer of timber is enough. When choosing a coating material,it is necessary to maintain the appropriate step between the bars (according to the TTC in the device of a gable roof, it is 60-120 centimeters). Fixation of the fastener should occur as far as possible from the middle. It is better to deepen the hats slightly into the tree, otherwise they may damage the roofing material later.

These are the main steps in creating the crate. After that, you need to calculate the roofing material, not forgetting that everyone has their own fixation technique. Some are overlapped, others are butt. The reliability of the protection of the entire structure, as well as the money spent on the acquisition, depends on this.

Finish

As soon as the rafters are properly fixed in place, and the lathing corresponds to the main flooring of the material, you can mount the roofing pie. We must not forget about vapor and waterproofing, if necessary, insulation. And only after that you need to qualitatively fix the selected roofing material. These are the main stages of the construction of a gable roof. They are relevant on any building.