The article will focus on the vertical waterproofing of the foundation with roll materials and coating materials, and will also briefly talk about horizontal insulation, since it is no less important. Water is able to destroy any building structures of the building, makes them completely unusable, and significantly reduces the service life. And this point is especially relevant for the underground parts of houses that are exposed to several types of loads at the same time - the mass of the building, moisture.
Outside, the structure is influenced by other destructive factors - rain and melt water, while in the soil, groundwater causes a lot of trouble to the building. It is worth noting that the level of the location of these waters may vary, it depends entirely on the season. The method of waterproofing for the foundation of a structure depends on its type and method of manufacture (from the device of tape, pillars, slabs, piles).
How moisture affects the foundation
There are several ways towhich water leads to the destruction of the concrete base. Oddly enough, but concrete is a material that can withstand multi-ton loads. But not a single stone, unfortunately, is able to withstand prolonged exposure to water. How exposure to water leads to destruction:
- Particles are washed out of the structure, bumps and potholes begin to form due to the chemical composition of ground or rain water. It should be noted that rainwater can contain a large amount of impurities that have a detrimental effect on concrete.
- Water penetrates into the body of the foundation, freezes at a negative temperature, this leads to the fact that the concrete collapses. Water is the only substance in nature that expands when it freezes, its volume does not decrease. As soon as the liquid enters the capillaries, it acts on the material from the inside, cracks and crevices begin to form.
For these reasons, the vertical waterproofing of a strip foundation, as well as a column foundation, is very important.
Types of moisture protection by location
In general, there are three types of waterproofing work:
- Vertical.
- Horizontal.
- The blind area is one of the types of hydrobarrier.
Depending on what type of foundation is used, one or more waterproofing options can be applied. It is worth noting that it is necessary to strictly follow the technological map of the vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation. In this case, you will be able to increase the maximum insulation resource.
Horizontal is necessary in order to prevent water from penetrating between different levels of the structure. Waterproofing is carried out with various materials, it can be mounted on any foundation - on a strip, slab, pile, column. Of course, the method of laying the material will be slightly different.
Vertical waterproofing of the foundation with roll materials is performed in the same way as with coating materials. It is necessary in order to prevent groundwater from entering the base structure. In this case, the water will not be able to act on the concrete. But it should be noted that not all types of foundations are vertically waterproofed. It is needed only for columnar supports of the structure and tape. As for horizontal protection, it must be carried out when arranging all types of foundations.
With the help of the blind area, it turns out to protect the base from the ingress of melt and rain water. The most important thing when installing a blind area is to choose its width correctly, because if you make it too small, then moisture will be removed a short distance and easily get to the base. Such protection will allow to remove a significant part of the load from the remaining waterproofing layers, therefore, the resource of the latter will increase.
Horizontal and vertical insulation
You can perform waterproofing of the foundation using various means. It is necessary to separately consider horizontal and vertical views, as well as the design of the blind area. It is worth noting thatmaterials in all cases differ, and very strongly. There are a lot of ways to vertically waterproof the foundation, but they are all very similar to each other. The ruined part of the structure is protected by horizontal or vertical waterproofing.
Therefore, it is necessary to use different materials for such insulation methods:
- Coating.
- Pasting.
- Plaster.
- Mountable insulation.
- Injectable.
- Penetrating.
- And also structural, which is an additive for concrete.
Next, all types of materials will be considered in order to know what to perform vertical and horizontal waterproofing of foundations. Only knowing all the parameters of these materials, you can choose the most suitable for a particular case.
Panels
Such protection of the structure is carried out with bitumen-based compounds. As a rule, these materials are sold in rolls. The use of glued or built-up material is also allowed. The built-up type implies that the material has an adhesive composition that heats up during installation, which ensures reliable contact with the surface.
The peculiarity of the vertical waterproofing of the Planter foundation is that it is carried out using exactly this technology. In order to fasten the insulating material without glue on the surface, you will need to use a bitumen-based mastic. This is a kind of connectingsubstance that will help to carry out the installation. We can distinguish such pasting materials:
- An obsolete material that has not been used in construction for a long time. This roofing has a very low cost, but its reliability is extremely low. That is why vertical waterproofing of the strip foundation is not carried out with such material.
- Pergamin is a dense thick cardboard impregnated with bitumen. As for reliability, it is very low, this material will not last long, but since it has a low cost, you will significantly save on waterproofing work.
- There is one leader among roll insulation types - this is roofing material. First, it has a very affordable price. Secondly, the resource is relatively large when compared with the materials listed above. Of course, in comparison with more modern materials, roofing material loses to them in terms of service life.
- Polymer-based materials impregnated with bitumen. They are usually made of polyester or fiberglass. Such waterproofing compositions are very reliable, they will last for quite a long time, however, you will have to pay a large amount for such pleasure.
According to SNiP, vertical waterproofing of the foundation should be carried out with just such materials. If you close your eyes to the cost of polymer waterproofing, you can see that it has a very high resource. Therefore, you will very rarely make repairs. The advantages of the pasting method are that it can be carried out on any type of surface:
- Tree.
- Metal.
- Concrete.
- Asph alt concrete.
- Old waterproofing.
Cover type insulation
Often, foundation waterproofing is performed using a variety of bitumen-based mastics. It is worth noting that the vertical coating waterproofing of the foundation has earned popularity among builders, as it provides reliable protection against moisture. In order to protect the buried part of the building, as well as the walls of the house, one- and two-component compositions are used. On sale today you can find not only bitumen, but also more modern and reliable options:
- Polymer-based resins.
- Resins based on bitumen and polymers.
- Mastics based on bitumen and rubber.
Comparing compositions with simple bitumen, which cracks at very low temperatures, such mixtures, in which there are a lot of additional additives, are resistant to cold.
But they have one drawback - this is the cost, so not everyone can afford to purchase such materials. Cheaper will be the usual mastic, made on a bitumen basis. And the device for vertical waterproofing of the foundation will be the same, only the cost will decrease several times. But polymer mixtures are best used to protect the structure of a structure if groundwater is located very close to the surface.
Penetrating type of waterproofing
Thanks to this type of waterproofing, you will completely preventwater into the concrete structure. In this case, it is possible to significantly increase the strength of the outer layer of the foundation. When carrying out waterproofing work on a strip foundation in this way, an additional pasting or coating layer is often used. When waterproofing the vertical walls of the foundation, the average penetration depth of the compounds inside the concrete is up to 25 cm.
But there are also materials that penetrate the concrete structure by almost 1 m. It is also worth noting that this method can only be used on concrete bases. On brick or stone foundations, they will be completely useless. The most popular and common compounds that are used with this processing method are Penetron, Peneplag, Penekrit, Hydrohit.
These are the most accessible and widespread materials for vertical foundation waterproofing today. The essence of the technology for protecting the foundation and walls of the structure in this way implies that the base will be thoroughly cleaned, degreased, leveled. That is why this method of waterproofing is best used exclusively in the construction of new buildings.
Plaster, paint and injection insulation
It should be noted that the waterproofing of the foundation using plaster and paint compositions cannot be distinguished by high reliability and durability. It is best to give your preference to other options for protecting the walls and foundation of the house. The maximum resource of paint and plaster insulation is about 5years. After that, it is necessary to carry out a major overhaul.
As for injection insulation, this option will be ideal when repairing the foundation of a house that has already been put into operation. This technology can allow you to protect the base without carrying out work with the soil. To do this, injectors are introduced directly to the supports, which deliver a substance that isolates from moisture. The following materials can be used as raw materials:
- Various resins.
- Rubber.
- Foam.
- Acrylate gel.
- Compounds based on polymers.
- Mixes containing cement.
Insulation Mounted Type
This method will allow you to deal very effectively with problems if the groundwater level is too high, and also if they have a very high pressure. As a rule, it is used in the manufacture of a strip foundation, if it is necessary to protect the basement.
It is quite difficult to make such a construction of vertical waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands. It should be noted that the steel caisson is the most reliable version of the mounted type. At the same time, the entire structure of the floor and walls of the basement is covered from the inside with steel sheets, the thickness of which is 4-6 mm. The cost of such waterproofing is very high, so it is rarely used in practice.
Brick walls are sometimes built around the outer part, as a rule, gluing orcoating version of waterproofing. At the same time, brickwork is more likely to protect the waterproofing layer from mechanical influences than from water.
How to make a blind area
Is it necessary to do vertical waterproofing of the foundation if there is a blind area around the house? Of course, it is necessary, since the blind area itself will not be able to completely protect the foundation of the house from moisture completely. In order to make a reliable and durable protection, you will need to move in three directions - to mount vertical and horizontal insulation, as well as a blind area around the foundation.
When carrying out waterproofing work on the foundation, the following materials are used to make blind areas:
- Asph alt concrete.
- Concrete.
- Paving slabs.
- Clay.
- Diffusion membrane.
The method of making a blind area will directly depend on what preferences the owner of the house has, as well as on architectural features. And most importantly - from the availability of the materials used. The cheapest option for making a blind area is laying asph alt or concrete.
It is worth noting that such a blind area is not attractive, but it is able to protect the foundation of the structure without large investments of labor and funds. You can really save a significant amount on materials. It should also be noted that the pavement of asph alt or concrete is very popular in the mass construction of apartment buildings, as well as public and administrative buildings.
How to protect the strip foundation
Photovertical waterproofing of the foundation can be considered in the article. It can be seen that each type of foundation under a building needs certain protection methods. For a strip base, one type of protection is suitable, for a columnar base, another. Therefore, it is recommended to study the features of the work in each case, as well as to sensibly assess your financial capabilities. Not all options are low cost. The more reliable the materials, the more expensive they are.
Before waterproofing, you need to decide what is needed in order to carry out a full range of work. It is worth noting that waterproofing work on strip foundations can be both prefabricated and monolithic. The article will briefly present both options so that you have an idea about them.
First, consider the features of the prefabricated structure. In order to exclude damage to the walls of the structure underground, as well as flooding the basement, it is necessary to perform the following manipulations:
- Establish a reinforced joint between the foundation slabs of the basement.
- Lay the roll materials between the blocks in the first seam. This is the seam below the basement flooring.
- Mount the roll material at the junction of the supporting structure and the walls of the building.
- Waterproof the vertical foundation walls from the outside of the tape underground.
- Equip a blind area.
It is worth noting that at the junction of the foundation platesand concrete blocks, it is forbidden to lay materials based on bitumen. This will cause the elements to move relative to each other. In this case, it is necessary to equip a thickened concrete seam. Waterproofing is necessary for the foundation so that the different moisture content of the materials of the building supports and walls does not lead to the collapse of the entire structure. In order to perform horizontal insulation, you must use the usual methods discussed above.
As for vertical insulation, it is best to carry it out from the outside, since in this case you can not only protect the room, but also all the load-bearing structural elements. And when building a new house, you can process the walls with both conventional and pasting materials. All work inside must be carried out during the repair. In this case, it is desirable to use an injection or penetrating version of waterproofing.
They are most effective in carrying out this kind of work. After all, repairing waterproofing on a commissioned facility is much more difficult to do than at the construction stage. It is for this reason that it is recommended to initially make high-quality and reliable waterproofing of the foundation, so as not to think about the need to repair it.
In the event that you need to waterproof a monolithic tape, do the following:
- Waterproof vertically first.
- Then, the waterproofing is installed along the edge of the base.
- Equip a blind area around the building.
Selection of materialscarried out in the same way as for the prefabricated structure.
Column and pile foundations
As for columnar and pile foundations, moisture protection in them is the most accessible and simple type. You only need to make waterproofing along the edge of the base. It is not necessary to perform vertical waterproofing of the foundation. Its location directly depends on what materials the grillage is made of. As for the vertical waterproofing of the pile or column type foundation, it is carried out at the construction stage.
To do this, before pouring a column or pile, the rolled material is placed in the well. It is necessary that this material be like formwork. Only after the construction work has been carried out, it does not need to be removed, since it can perform the function of waterproofing. As for the pile foundation, waterproofing in this case is even simpler - it is necessary to process it with mastic before driving the element. Note that piles are not always made of concrete, very often they are made of wood or metal. But these materials are subject to corrosion and destruction, so insulation work is necessary.
In the event that the strapping is made of the same material as the foundation, then the waterproofing is mounted in those places where the grillage comes into contact with the walls. But you can use another option. Let's say a wooden house is installed on metal piles. In this case, the grillage will be the lowest crown of the walls of the building. Therefore, a layer of waterproofing is neededlay on the heads of the supporting parts.
How to protect the foundation slab
There is another type of foundation, which is one of the most common - it is slab. And the methods of waterproofing this base are slightly different from those that can be found on the tape. In order to protect the foundation slab from moisture, you need to carry out the following activities:
- Perform concrete preparation in order to protect the slab from groundwater and level the base.
- Mount waterproofing over concrete preparation.
- Protect the structure from moisture from the outside.
In order to make the second layer when arranging the slab, it is necessary to use rolled materials. Experts recommend to dwell on modern materials, since after the slab has been poured, it is almost impossible to carry out repairs and control the condition of such an insulating material.
For small buildings (subject to low water saturation of the soil), polyethylene film can be used. It can also be used in the construction of structures that are not of particular importance (for example, change houses, sheds, sheds for basements, garages). In order to protect the plate from moisture, it is necessary to use penetrating compounds. You can meet a fairly simple method during construction - a solution of waterproofing material is introduced into concrete. It is imperative that after pouring the slab, it is necessary to lay the roll material in the places where the walls will be.
