Brick buildings and structures are easy to use and can serve faithfully for decades. However, the durability of such buildings directly depends on how well the masons perform their work. Among other things, when building such a house, you need to calculate the amount of mortar required for laying bricks, as well as properly prepare the mixture itself.
How mortar is made
Lay out the walls of brick buildings, usually using cement-sand mixtures. Such solutions are quite convenient to use and also differ in strength. Mixtures of this type are prepared from two main components - cement and sand. These ingredients are pre-blended dry. Then such an amount of water is added to them so that the result is a sufficiently thick and at the same time plastic mass.
You can prepare mortars for laying bricks in the proportion of cement / sand as 1/3 or 1/6. The first type of mixtures is usually used only for the construction of those structures of buildings and structures that are in the processoperation will be subjected to severe stress. These can be, for example, foundations or load-bearing walls of large houses.
What consumption may depend on
When drafting a building, of course, one should, among other things, calculate how much cement-sand mixture will be needed for its construction. To do this, first of all, you need to determine the consumption of mortar for laying bricks per 1 m22 for building sections of different designs.
The costs of the cement-sand mixture used to build brick walls may depend, for example, on factors such as:
- masonry thickness;
- laying method;
- type of brick used.
Masonry thickness
Different building structures may be subjected to different loads during its operation. Accordingly, their thickness is different. The consumption of mortar for laying bricks depends on this in the most direct way. Building walling technologies can be used as follows:
- "in half a brick";
- single;
- one and a half;
- double.
When applying the first masonry technology, walls with a thickness of 120 mm are erected. At the same time, 51 standard bricks are used for 1 m2 of the structure. Single masonry provides a wall thickness of 250 mm. In this case, 102 bricks are used for 1 m2 of the wall.
With the use of one and a half masonry, thick structures of 380 mm are erected. Brick in this case is spent on 1 m2153 pieces
When using double masonry, structures with a thickness of 510 mm are obtained. Brick consumption when using this technology is 204 pcs/m2.
What should be the thickness of the joints when laying
The construction of brick walls has, of course, some of its own characteristics. The strength of the cement mortar is quite high. But various kinds of modern adhesives used, for example, when laying foam blocks, in this parameter, of course, it is much inferior.
It is possible to ensure the strength of the masonry when using a cement mixture only if the seams between the bricks are thick enough. Accordingly, it is usually quite a lot to spend cement mortar during the construction of buildings.
It is believed that the thickness of the horizontal seams of brickwork should be 10-15 mm. It is imperative to follow this rule when building a house. Otherwise, the building will not last long. Vertical joints in masonry are usually thinner. After all, they do not experience any significant load during the operation of the house. The thickness of the vertical joints of the masonry should be 8-12 mm.
Calculation of consumption per block
When installing each brick, the mixture goes to:
- two bed seams;
- two spoonfuls;
- two end.
Calculation of mortar consumption per 1 m2 Bricklaying is done taking into account costs:
- for bed seams - 600 cm3 mixes;
- for 2 pushers - 156 cm3;
- for 2 spoons - 325 cm3.
Thus, to install one masonry stone, the cement mixture will need 1081 cm3.
Of course, this amount of mortar is consumed only when laying sufficiently thick walls. When using the “half-brick” method, no cement mass is applied to the spoons. Therefore, in this case, when installing one brick, only 756 cm are used3 mix.
Consumption of mortar per 1 m2 of brick laying
The installation of one standard single block usually takes, therefore, 1081 cm3 of the mixture. Therefore, 540.3 cm3 of solution is needed to close half of the seam. The average value between these two indicators will be equal to 810.75 cm3. Based on this, it is possible to determine the consumption of the solution per 1 m32.
This figure will be equal when using masonry:
- "half a brick" - 0.041 m3;
- single - 0.83 m3;
- one and a half - 0.124 m3;
- double - 0.165 m3.
Consumption of mortar per 1 m3 meter of brick laying will be:
- "half a brick" for 53 blocks - 0.189 m3;
- single when using 102 bricks - 0.221 m3;
- with one and a half for 153 blocks - 0.234 m3;
- whendouble for 204 bricks - 0.240 m3.
Consumption per 1 m2 when using other types of bricks
Most often, the laying of the walls of buildings and structures is carried out using standard single blocks. However, sometimes house structures are built using other types of bricks. These can be, for example, one and a half standard blocks of a larger size (250 x 120 x 88 mm). In this case, the consumption per 1 m2 will be something like this:
- for half-brick masonry - 0.009 m3;
- single - 0.023 m3;
- one and a half - 0.032 m3;
- double - 0.051 m3.
How to convert cubic meters to liters
In specialized construction literature, the consumption of mortar per 1 m22 is usually given in m3. However, with the independent construction of any structures, the amount of mixture used is usually calculated in buckets. That is in liters. Converting cubic meters to this unit of measurement is very simple: 1 m3=1000 liters. That is, for example, when using single-masonry technology from ordinary bricks, 1 m3 construction will take 221 liters of mortar.
Counting the amount of sand and cement
Concrete mixtures intended for pouring, for example, foundations, are often purchased ready-made when building private houses. The cement mortars used for laying bricks are in most cases preparedin place. After all, such compositions are consumed in the process of building walls rather slowly. And therefore they are cooked in small quantities - in portions.
Accordingly, when designing a building, it is often necessary to calculate how much sand and cement should be purchased to mix the mass. The consumption of these materials will depend primarily on the proportions in which the mortar for laying bricks is prepared.
To make 1 m3 of composition 1/3, for example, you need 325-350 kg of cement. Sand for mixing such a solution will take 1125-1350 kg.
Sometimes, for laying various kinds of structures, solutions that are non-standard in terms of proportions are also used. To determine the required amount of cement at a consumption of 1 m3 sand in this case, you can use the formula:
Vb=Qb/y, where
Qb - cement consumption, Vb - sand consumption (in our case 1 m3), y - cement bulk density in kg/m3.
Other types of masonry mixes
So, how much mortar is consumed per 1 m2 of brick laying, we found out. However, purely cement mixtures are usually used for the construction of only heavily loaded structures. For example, with the use of such solutions, foundations or load-bearing walls of buildings can be erected. In all other cases, more plastic mixtures are usually used:
- calcareous;
- clay.
The consumption of such compositions is most often the same as for purely cement ones. In terms of strength, solutions of this variety are somewhat inferior to the usual ones. However, they are also more flexible. That is, walls built with their use crack less often.
You can determine what you need to prepare a high-quality plasticizer solution using the following formula:
Vd=0.17(1-0.002Qb), where
Qb - cement consumption per 1 m3 sand.
Water consumption
In order to prepare a quality mortar for laying bricks, it is not enough to mix the dry ingredients in the correct proportions. It is also necessary to add the right amount of water to the mass. If the solution turns out to be liquid, the building will not last too long in the future. The seams in this case will be fragile and will begin to crack and weather.
Too thick mortar for bricklaying is also usually not done. It is extremely inconvenient to work with such a mass, as a result of which the wall can turn out to be uneven and sloppy. And in this case, the construction of the building will take an unreasonably lot of cement. To calculate the amount of water required for mixing a high-quality masonry composition, special formulas are also used. It will not be difficult to make the necessary calculations using them.
For solutions with a mobility of 9-10 cm, prepared using lime or clay as a plasticizer, for example, the formula for calculating the amount of water will look like this:
B=0.5(Qb+Qd), where
B - water consumption per 1 m3 sand inkilograms, Qb - cement consumption, Qd - clay or lime consumption.
Selection of materials
It is, of course, necessary to maintain the thickness of the seams when laying brick structures. However, the strength of such structures directly depends on the quality of the mortar used for construction.
The choice of materials for such mixtures depends primarily on the type of structure being built. For laying those structures that will not be subjected to serious loads during operation, for example, street porches or low fences, a mortar prepared on M200 cement is usually used.
Mixtures intended for the construction of interior partitions are usually made using M300 brand material. Rear load-bearing walls are most often erected on a mortar of M400 cement. The same material is in most cases used for laying foundations. Sometimes the foundations of the building are constructed using M500 cement.
Sand for the manufacture of masonry mixtures can be used both quarry and river. In any case, the size of its particles should not be too small and not particularly large. Before using for mixing the solution, the sand must be sieved.
