Modern waterproofing materials are reliable and durable. At the moment, just a huge number of their varieties are produced. The most popular due to the low cost are bitumen-polymer and roll materials. We will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of them, as well as the features of their installation below.
Varieties of roll materials
Once upon a time, only roofing material and roofing felt were used to protect roofs and foundations. Today they also remain quite popular. However, if desired, you can use their more modern and expensive counterparts, which are more reliable and durable. These include:
- Glass roofing material. In the usual material, cardboard is used as the base. In this case, it is replaced by fiberglass. Such a rolled waterproofing material can last up to 15 years.
- Surfaced roll materials. Their difference from roofing material is that on their lower side there are alreadythere is a bituminous layer. Gluing is done by heating it with a gas burner directly on the roof.
- Self-adhesive roll material. In this case, the reverse side of the panels is smeared with a polymer composition and covered with a film. After removing the latter, the material is simply laid on the roof. Gluing occurs when the canvases are heated by sunlight.
- Basic varieties. In this case, cardboard, fiberglass or some other material is not used as a substrate. The canvas is entirely composed of a polymer with additives.
- Gidroizol. Asbestos sheet is used as a substrate.
Requirements for rolled waterproofing by GOST
Roofing and waterproofing rolled materials must undergo laboratory quality tests. According to the regulations, the flexibility of the roofing felt (GOST 10923-64) should be such that it does not crack when twisted into a roll with a diameter of:
- 20 mm for grade RP-250;
- 30 mm - for RP-420 and RF-350.
For roofing paper (GOST 10999-64) these indicators are:
- 10 mm - at 20 degrees Celsius;
- 20 mm - for roofing leather;
- 30 mm for powdered material.
In addition, rolled waterproofing materials are tested for resistance to tearing in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Tests are also carried out on the degree of water resistance, loss of strength when saturated with water, the presence of delamination and completeness of impregnation.
Thus, all rolled waterproofing materials are checked (GOST 2678-65). Samples are taken in accordance with GOST 2551-75.
Varieties of bituminous waterproofing
Sometimes roofs and foundations are protected from moisture by oil-based mastics. It is also a fairly inexpensive way, and technologically simple. The following varieties of such materials are currently produced:
- Bitumen-polymer mastics. They are mixtures based on polymers, petroleum bitumen, rubber and various additives. Thanks to the latter, polymeric waterproofing materials acquire viscosity and resistance to cracking. In addition, the presence of such additives increases the service life of the mastic.
- Bitumen mastics. There are one- and two-component. In this case, special additives, synthetic or natural, are also used.
- Bitumen-polymer emulsions. This variety is commonly used for waterproofing mineral surfaces. They are water bituminous emulsions with added mineral emulsifiers and synthetic latex.
What roll and bituminous materials can be used for
These varieties of waterproofers can be used for:
- Roof protection. In this case, the material is laid in several layers.
- Processing the walls, bottom and top of the foundation. For this purpose it mayboth bituminous and roll material can be used.
- Insulation of basements inside and out. In this case, roll material is usually laid on the floor, and the walls are coated with bituminous mastic. However, the latter for waterproofing basements has recently been used less and less. The fact is that as a result of the penetration of groundwater through concrete walls, the film created by it can depart. Currently, to protect the walls of basements, more modern materials are usually used - penetrating and injection.
Installation of roll materials
You can use such waterproofing on roofs with a slope of slopes of no more than 25 gr. The work in this case is as follows:
- Waterproofing material is rolled out and left in this position for a day. This is necessary in order for him to straighten out. You can also simply unroll the roll and roll it upside down.
- The roof surface is thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust.
- The roll goes up to the roof.
- One person smears the roof surface with heated bituminous mastic, the second rolls out the roll.
Thus, almost any waterproofing roofing material is mounted. When gluing, special attention should be paid to vertical elements, slope joints, etc.
Rules to follow
When installing roll materials, the following must be observedrules:
- On slopes with an angle of inclination less than 15 gr. rolled material is laid parallel to the ridge from the bottom up. In this case, the overlap on the cornice strip should be approximately 15 cm, on the ridge - 25 cm.
- On slopes larger than 15 cm, the roofing material is usually laid across, rolling the strips from top to bottom. The overlap on the skate in this case should be about 40 cm.
- Laps should be made between the strips: 10 cm longitudinal and 15 cm end.
- The joints of the canvases should not converge in one place.
- In the valleys, before gluing the slopes, you need to lay three layers of roofing material. This greatly reduces the risk of leakage. Further installation is carried out with alternating valley and pitched layers.
Number of layers needed
In order for the roof to be protected as reliably as possible, several varieties of roofing material are laid on it. The lower layers are mounted from a material without sprinkling. Such ruberoid is cheaper. Sprinkled material is laid on top. The number of layers depends on the angle of the roof slope:
- more than 15 gr. – 2 layers;
- 5-15 gr. – 3 layers;
- 0-5 gr. – 4 layers.
Blaid waterproofing materials: installation
Protection of the roof with this type of waterproofing is done as follows:
- The first layer can be fixed to the roof with nails.
- Laying starts from the lowest point.
- Next, the roll is rolled out and placed in the place where it should be mounted.
- The edge of the strip rises and warms up.
- Next it needs to be tightpress against the surface of the ramp.
- The fabric rolls back up to the glued spot.
- Gradually rolling out the roll, heat its lower part and base with a burner. Under the influence of fire, a roller of liquid bitumen will form in front of the web.
- After gluing, they pass along the canvas with a special roller to remove air bubbles from under it.
Installation rules
Overlaps in the case of using the deposited material are made the same as when using conventional roofing material. When passing the strips with a roller, special attention should be paid to the edges. Move this tool at an angle - from the middle of the canvas outward. It is impossible to walk on a newly pasted roof.
Using bituminous mastics
Unlike rolled, waterproofing material of this variety is more often used to protect foundations from moisture than roofs. Work in this case is performed in the following order:
- The surface is thoroughly cleaned of dirt.
- Cold mastic is mixed until a homogeneous composition is obtained, hot mastic is heated to a temperature of at least 160 gr.
- Further, the product is applied to the surface, usually in two layers, the thickness of which on horizontal structures can reach up to 100 mm, on vertical structures - up to 60 mm.
On roofs, bituminous mastics are used mainly as glue for roofing material.
Modern roll and bitumenwaterproofing materials are reliable and durable. Ease of installation combined with not too high cost make them very popular. At the moment, these two varieties are most often used for waterproofing various structural elements of buildings. At the same time, they are used both in private housing construction and in industrial.
