In the recent past, a limited range of roofing materials were available on the construction market. It was represented by slate, steel sheets and galvanization. But the situation has changed: now it is not so easy for the buyer to choose a roofing material for the roof, as there is serious competition on the market, and the range has expanded significantly.
Selection criteria
Each type of material has its own characteristics, positively or negatively distinguishing it from others.
Roofing material for the roof in some cases requires different. The criteria for his selection are as follows:
- Operating conditions (expected load). To calculate it, take the weight of the roof structure with all its elements (rafters, battens, insulation, etc.). The climatic conditions of the region are also taken into account, in particular the average wind strength and precipitation (weight of snow cover).
- Architectural solution. The draft design allows you to determine the shape of the roof, in accordance with which the appropriate material for the roof is selected. For example, if a decision is made to use ceramic tiles, then the architect should adhere to a roof slope of 30-35 degrees. This condition is mandatory for this material.
- Lifetime, fire resistance. Roofing materials should be selected depending on the purpose of the building, operating conditions. For example, for an outbuilding, there is no need to use roofing materials for the roof, which are relatively expensive.
Durability of materials
Many roofing materials have a warranty period, which is valid only if the correct installation technology is followed. In practice, the period of their operation is several times longer. Without repair, they have the following service lives:
- bituminous corrugated sheets - 15-25 years;
- asbestos-cement slabs (slate) - 30-40 years;
- metal tile – 30-50 years;
- soft tiles - 30-50 years;
- seam roof - up to 50 years;
- profiling - up to 50 years;
- natural tiles - up to 100 years;
- slate roofing - 150-200 years.
There are a huge number of similar products on the market. At the same time, not all types of roofing material for the roof have sufficient strength, durability and good weather resistance. It is understood as resistance to severe frosts, air acidity, corrosion, solar radiation. Calculation of roofing material forroofs can be carried out independently or with the help of specialists. In the general case, its area is divided by the area of individual elements of the material. Based on the data obtained, its required amount is calculated.
Ceramic tiles
The main component of the material is clay mass, which is processed in a special oven at a temperature of 1000 degrees, due to which it becomes red-brown. Before firing, ceramic tiles can be covered with a protective film, thanks to which atmospheric precipitation is removed more efficiently. At the output, a tile is obtained with a size of 30 by 30 cm and a weight of 2 kg. This roofing material for the roof has several subspecies: ordinary, flat tape, single-wave, grooved tiles and others. The recommended roof slope for their application is from 25-35 to 60 degrees. It is important to follow these guidelines:
- When the slope is less than 22 degrees, be sure to carry out work to improve waterproofing and ventilation.
- At a slope of 22-60 degrees, use standard fasteners.
- When the indicator is over 60 degrees, additional fasteners are used in the form of screws, nails.
Individual elements of the material are interconnected by means of a system of locks. The tile is attached to the crate thanks to special holes. Therefore, the upper elements of the material are laid on the lower ones, forming a continuous layer that excludes any leakage. As already noted, its period of operation without repair is up to 100 years. Tiles are used for roofing houses made of brick, wood or stone of any number of storeys. The cost per square meter, as a rule, ranges from 25 to 50 dollars. When using roofing materials for a roof, the price of which is much less, you need to understand that their quality will be appropriate.
Advantages of tiles:
- minimum maintenance costs (gutter cleaning, like local repairs, are carried out no more than once a year);
- noise reduction (the sound of rain is almost inaudible);
- corrosion resistance;
- not flammable;
- high frost resistance;
- wide color gamut;
- the presence of micropores that allow the roof to "breathe". They allow moisture that accumulates under the roof to evaporate over time.
Flaws:
- heavy weight;
- low strength;
- technical difficulties with mounting material on complex structures.
Cement-sand tiles
Due to the fact that ceramic tiles are quite heavy, they found a replacement, which was cement-sand tiles.
It made it possible to significantly lighten the design as a whole. This roofing material is composed of cement, sand and iron oxide. The latter is a dye. Cement-sand tiles visually practically do not differ from ceramic tiles. When using it, the slope of the roof should be 20-60 degrees. Lay the tiles on the crate so that the elementsof the previous row were shifted by half their width. Nails are used as fasteners, which are driven into holes made at the factory during the production of tiles.
Dignity:
- resistance to environmental influences;
- frost resistance.
Flaws:
- massive (thickness - from 10 mm);
- large damage to the material during its improper transportation (up to 10%).
Cement-sand tiles are also used for roofing both wooden and brick houses of different heights. The material cost is 10-30 USD/m2. It allows you to achieve the same decorative effect as ceramic tiles, while investing less money.
Bitumen tiles
It is a fiberglass fabric that is coated on both sides with bitumen, forming a uniform flat coating. Stone dressing is applied to its upper layer, and a sticky primer-glue, designed for gluing to the roof base, is applied to the lower layer. Such products are classified as "soft roofing materials for the roof."
A shingle sheet has dimensions of 1 m by 30 cm, respectively. Due to its flexibility, almost any shape of the roof structure can be repeated. The material is used for roofs with a slope of more than 12 degrees (there are no restrictions upwards). It requires the use of a bedding layer. It is laid over the entire roof on the crate, which can be represented by waterproof plywood or OSB.
Bitumentiles are often used for finishing cottages, dachas, public buildings. It is also often used as roofing material for garage roofs.
Dignity:
- material does not break during transportation and installation;
- does not rust;
- does not rot, does not corrode;
- it is possible to carry out quick local repairs at minimal cost;
- does not make noise during precipitation.
Flaws:
- high risk of fire;
- considered second grade material;
- exposed to UV light;
- cannot be mounted in winter.
Metal tile
It is a sheet of galvanized steel with a polymer coating that plays a protective role. Manufacturers produce material with a different number of layers. The metal tile is similar in texture to "ceramics", but these are not small tiles, but whole steel sheets with textured corrugation. They come in different areas, and their average thickness is 0.4 mm.
The material is recommended for use on roofs with a slope of more than 15 degrees. Against the background of others, it stands out for its ease of installation: the metal tile is attached to the crate with special roofing screws. It is used for roofing almost any building, from kiosks to skyscrapers or industrial buildings.
For many, this is the best roofing material in terms of value for money (its cost is 2-3 times lower than the two types of tiles listed above).
Dignity:
- quick installation;
- low cost;
- light weight (3-5kg/m2);
- strength (not damaged during transportation).
The disadvantages of the material include its low sound insulation (rain and hail are accompanied by loud noise).
Slate
It is a cement material, the strength of which is increased by asbestos fiber. It consists of 15% short wave asbestos and 85% Portland cement. The material is produced in the form of rectangular sheets with wavy corrugation. They are overlapped on sealing gaskets and fastened to the crate with nails. This roofing material does its job effectively when the pitch is in the range of 12-60 degrees.
Slate is mainly used for sheds, summer kitchens and other buildings of low importance. Often it is appropriate where you need to save money (1 m2 costs 2-3 dollars). Modern roofing materials for the roof are better and more reliable, but their cost is much higher.
Dignity:
- relatively high strength;
- availability;
- can be cut with a grinder.
Cons:
- fragile;
- unattractive;
- unhe althy;
- accumulates moisture (over time, fungus, moss appear on it).
Profile decking
Is the simplest roofing material. Represents the pro-thinned-out sheets from galvanized steel. The waves on them can have a trapezoidal, sine-shaped or roundedform. They make the material more attractive and make it easier to join its sheets.
For corrugated board, the roof slope should be at least 10 degrees. The material is laid on a crate made of timber using a glassine pad, which increases the waterproof properties. They fix the corrugated board with self-tapping screws.
This material, like slate, is overlapped with an overlap of 200 mm or more. It is also used mainly for the construction of economic structures. The material was also used in industrial construction (factories, supermarkets).
Dignity:
- easy installation;
- relatively cheap;
- long service life;
- high enough bending strength.
The disadvantages of the material include its low sound insulation.
Steel seam roof
This is a cover made of smooth steel sheets that allow water to flow freely even on slight slopes.
Sheets can be galvanized, polymer-coated or not. The slope of the roof for roofing steel should be from 20 degrees. The elements are interconnected with the help of hooks of adjacent sheets. The seam formed in this case is called a fold, or a folded joint.
Dignity:
- off;
- has an attractive appearance;
- flexibility;
- low temperature capability;
- light weight - 4-5 kg/m2.
Flaws:
- susceptibility to mechanical stress;
- the roof needs additional insulation.
Roofs made of natural materials
To natural materials for roofing include straw, reeds, wood. Nowadays, their use is an exception to the rule. These environmentally friendly materials are mainly used for restaurants, hotels and other establishments. Here you can use new roofing materials for the roof, but the main task is to attract the attention of potential customers, so non-standard solutions have an advantage.
Results
A wide range of roofing materials can cause certain difficulties. But they can arise only with insufficient knowledge. First of all, you need to study the properties of materials, as well as their price range, and then choose the best option.
