Life in a modern city has a negative impact on he alth. Constant stress, poor environmental conditions and regular noise can make you restless. An increased level of anxiety is reflected in the psychological state of a person. Therefore, noise-absorbing materials have become widespread.
This type of material mainly consists of sponge and foam components. They, due to the porosity of the structure, do not reflect sound, but absorb it into themselves.
Scope of application
There are many soundproofing materials in use today for industrial, residential, entertainment and automotive applications.
In cars, along with noise-absorbing materials, vibration-isolating products are often used.
In industrial premises, sound insulation is installed in accordance with the prescribed GOSTs for workrooms.
Noise-absorbing materials are widely used in the construction of various sports facilities. Active movement and impacts during the work of sports equipment and training withball create a characteristic sound background. In these rooms, noise-insulating and shock-absorbing materials are used, which well absorb various waves.
Soundproofing materials are used for rooms working with acoustic devices. These are recording studios, concert halls and cinemas.
Also, noise-absorbing materials are used for residential buildings. During the construction of modern houses, not very high-quality sound insulation is often laid. Therefore, it is necessary to take additional measures to improve it in order to ensure a comfortable stay.
Types of noise and their isolation
In each case, a certain material is used. Its appearance depends on the type of noise produced. There are three types of noise.
1. Airborne noise is created by a variety of household appliances, cars and loud conversations. To protect against this kind of sound, multi-layer soundproofing of the ceiling is effective. These can be soft fibrous materials such as mineral wool and glass wool. They are laid in the frame system and hemmed with drywall. Stretch ceilings and acoustic false ceilings, which have a noise-absorbing effect and are completely environmentally friendly, can also help against airborne noise.
2. Impact noises are felt when exposed to the floor. They can appear during repair work and children's games. In this case, noise-absorbing ceiling panels with a special closed cell structure can help. Various porous materials are also used, but they must be laid on the floor, thenthe ceiling of the lower room will be protected from noise. For this, cork, rubberized substrates, composite material or polystyrene foam can be used. The main thing is to create a floating floor consisting of several layers.
3. Structural noise is created when the main supporting structures are connected without the use of soundproofing materials. Then the sound effect will spread throughout the building, regardless of the source of occurrence. This kind of noise is much more difficult to deal with. To protect the joints of load-bearing structures, it is necessary to purchase gasket material. It can be an elastomeric material, fiberglass or vibroacoustic sealant.
Sound-absorbing materials
To effectively eliminate various sound noise in three directions - ceilings, walls and floors - various noise-absorbing material is used. For walls, such protection is especially important. For example, in panel houses, the main amount of noise penetrates through the walls, even the quiet cry of a child is heard. This leads to an unbalanced state and conflicts with neighbors. Therefore, dense sound-absorbing panels are most often used for soundproofing walls.
Depending on the degree of rigidity of the material, they are distinguished:
- Soft materials for insulation. They are based on cotton wool, glass wool, felt or jute. The absorption coefficient is 70%. Advantage – low bulk density – 70 kg/m3;
- Semi-rigid materials. This is compressed mineral wool or fiberglass in the form of plates. Either materialscellular in structure (for example, polyurethane foam). Sound insulation coefficient - 50-75%. Bulk density – 80-130 kg/m3;
- Hard materials. They are based on granulated or suspended mineral wool. Sound absorption - 50%. Bulk density – 400 kg/m3.
Sandwich dampening
Noise-absorbing materials in such systems are multilayered. That is, the design consists of hard layers on the outside, dense and soft inside.
Rigid layers can be made from floor slabs or drywall sheets. In this case, the sound insulation is directly proportional to their density. A dense soft material acts as a sound absorber. This is the already mentioned glass wool or other materials with a fibrous structure. The thickness of the material, as a rule, is not less than 5 cm. The material must fill the space inside at least half.
What are noise-absorbing products
There are many ready-made noise-absorbing products. For example, panels. They are used for all kinds of protective screens and for soundproofing room surfaces. The panel consists of a frame, inside which there is a special noise-absorbing insert. This insert contains cermet or aluminum foam noise absorbers.
Noise-absorbing fences are presented in the arsenal of materials for combating noise. They are made of concrete, corrugated board, and can be concrete fences. Monolithic fences are made of blocks, stone or brick. Concrete fences are installed very quickly and have increased functionality. They can be made of decorative concrete. The noise-absorbing properties of a fence made of corrugated board are weaker than concrete or monolithic. But they are more affordable.
A good way to eliminate the noise effect inside the room is a noise-absorbing door. The interior door in the apartment acts as a thermal and sound insulator. Effective soundproofing of door structures consists of the following important factors:
- Door material: glass inserts, solid wood, canvas with filler.
- Blade design: hinged, sliding, folding.
- The tightness of the door module, which creates the necessary tightness.
CV
There are a huge number of noise elimination products on the market today. These are materials used both indoors and outdoors. Therefore, it is worth taking a very responsible approach to the issue of sound insulation. After all, correctly selected and installed sound-absorbing materials can maintain a calm and comfortable atmosphere in any room.
