Technical support in the economy of a modern farmer certainly includes the means for cultivating the land. For this purpose, cultivators and walk-behind tractors are used, which, depending on the model, can perform the tasks of loosening, leveling, cutting weeds and other operations. Since the device of the working body is technically elementary, it will not be difficult for a skilled home craftsman to make such a device with his own hands. As a rule, home-made cultivators are not inferior in efficiency to factory counterparts, but it is important to calculate how to install them on a walk-behind tractor or tractor. However, manual models are also common today, the operation of which does not require connection to other equipment.
General information about cultivators
The concept of "cultivators" is associated by many with minitractors and walk-behind tractors that perform the functions of tillage. However, if you delve deeper into the terminology, it turns out that the cultivator is only a part of the technical tool that is directly involved in the processing. Depending on the design, homemade cultivatorscan perform multiple operations. They can be universal both in processing and in the possibility of combination with additional equipment. Before proceeding with the manufacture of such a tool, one should evaluate the nature of the work and the need to connect it to a tractor or other equipment.
Do-it-yourself hand cultivator
The simplest option for making a cultivator at home. This is a small design, the capabilities of which are enough to capture a strip 20 cm wide. The basis of the device will be a handle in the form of a metal pipe with a diameter of 2.4 cm. The length of the element is selected specifically for the height of the user. On the bottom of the pipe it is necessary to install a solid axle made of wood. Processing organs will be attached to it. Despite the simplicity of design, homemade hand cultivators can be supplemented with wheels. They can be cut from 0.3cm thick metal sheet and fixed with nuts.
There is another design option that involves a base in the form of a springy metal tape. In this case, the parameters of the workpiece should be as follows: length - 5 cm, width - 2 cm, and thickness - about 2 mm. A wooden handle is attached to this part, through which processing will be carried out. The tape is folded, so it can be shaped like a loop, and then double-sided turning the edges with a file. The diameter of the loop can be any, this parameter is calculated based on the area of the garden.
Rotary disc cultivator
This is a more serious unit, with which you can perform loosening, leveling the soil, and hilling. In its design, the homemade hiller cultivator assumes the presence of the following elements: a disk, an axle, a stem and bushings, large and small brackets, a handle and a pipe. The functions of the working components are performed by disks welded to the bushings. The latter, in turn, are placed on the axis of the cultivator. Axial ends are fixed in brackets with a cotter pin. A pipe with a crossbar and a handle is installed in a large bracket in special grooves. On the smaller bracket, a stem 25 cm long and 2.4 cm in diameter is installed (by welding).
Also, a 1.6 cm thick rod is screwed into the stem, which should protrude slightly above the level of the crossbar. The most difficult thing in the manufacture of this model is giving a spherical shape to the disks. In general, this is a common question among gardeners and summer residents who are interested in how to make a homemade cultivator with reliable working elements. Without special equipment, there can be only one way - to change the shape of the disks with a hammer, forming a bowl in the central part. Further, it is important to calculate the angle of fixation of the spherical disks with respect to the direction of processing. This setting must be adjusted using the wing screws mounted on the crossbar.
Chain saw cultivator
This variety of homemade cultivators is also suitable for larger jobs. In terms of its power, the device will not yield to some versionsmini tractors. In addition, a home-made cultivator for a walk-behind tractor can be made from a chainsaw by providing the appropriate joints in the design. But a more profitable solution is a fully mechanized unit with a chainsaw engine.
The basis will be a cubic frame welded from the corners. The power plant will be located on the transverse corners in the upper area of the hull. The fuel tank can be mounted even lower using brackets. The front struts will act as a support frame for the middle shaft. To fix the bearings of the running structure, the racks should be attached to the longitudinal elements. The result is a homemade walk-behind tractor, in which the center of gravity will be above the surface with a wheelbase. You can use a rubberized roller as wheels, and the handles can be made from pipes.
Cultivator from electric meat grinder
In this case, the power unit is borrowed from a meat grinder, but otherwise the concept remains the same. The frame from which home-made cultivators for a tractor or walk-behind tractor are made can also become the basis for autonomous equipment. A feature of this design is the ability to quickly break the soil layers into large clods. If it is supposed to operate at low speed, then the processing will be delicate and provide a loose cover.
It is necessary to weld two corners to the crankcase of the gearbox removed from the meat grinder. Two pipes are also installed to them, in which the ends should first be bent - in the future they will becomehandles. The axles of the wheels are also attached to the base of the corners. Excessively large wheels should not be chosen, because during the processing they will cause unnecessary trouble. But even small ones are undesirable, as they fall into the soil. Accordingly, the best option is medium wheels with a diameter of 20 cm. A shaft should be machined from the assembly scrap. Using a sledgehammer or a large hammer, it is necessary to break off the meat grinder nozzle, which will allow you to remove the sleeve, which will accept the shaft with the grouser screw into the design.
Do-it-yourself motor cutter
This unit is a cross between manual models and a full-fledged walk-behind tractor. If you want to get a homemade cultivator, the cutter of which performs processing without a third-party drive, then this option will be optimal. In place of the engine, any installation with a displacement of 50 cm33 will do. The tasks of the cutters can be shifted to a structure assembled from metal strips with parameters of 0.5 x 4 cm. For one cutter, 8 elements will be needed. Next, the strips need to be shaped like the letter L and connected to each other in the center with bolts so that four crosses are formed.
The supporting base will be a metal box, which should also contain the deceleration of the gearbox. Such a frame can be made from plates 0.4 cm thick and bearing housings. To pass the intermediate shaft at the top of the formed box, two holes should be made. The shaft will rotate in two bearings mounted in two housings welded from plates. Forhomemade cultivators with this design are equipped with threaded studs. They can be welded to the plate base.
Arrow cultivator
The unit has a simple design and does not require combination with other equipment, but at the same time it gives good results in tillage. The output is lancet equipment with five working paws. The basis of the structure will form a rocker frame, also made of steel corners. Flat-cutting lancet paws are installed on it. You can take such elements from the factory KPN-4A walk-behind tractor. It is necessary to fix the cutting components so that one middle and two extreme paws are installed in a checkerboard pattern. Their bundle should be provided by a hinged frame on springs. The expected processing width with such paws is 33 cm.
Cultivation disc harrow
The disc harrow can be constructed from a battery formed by 8 discs that are spherical in shape. By the type of work, this will be a home-made cultivator for a walk-behind tractor, the width between the cutting elements in which will be 15 cm. The harrow interacts with the frame according to the articulated principle. The length of the base can reach 130-140 cm, and the width - 65 cm. In this case, corners with a section of 45 x 45 cm are used for the frame. The depth of entry into the soil is up to 10 cm, and the approximate width of the grip is 120 cm. The advantages of such a harrow It is worth mentioning the possibility of adjusting the angle - up to 17 degrees.
Single furrow plow
One of the best solutions for the manufacture of auxiliary equipment for the tractor will be a single-furrow plow. With its help, from 0.12 to 0.2 ha can be plowed per hour of work. At the same time, the processing depth is small - only 22 cm, and the width reaches 35 cm. Home-made cultivators for a mini tractor are made from a metal frame base. The plow can be made from channels, and the body can be borrowed from trailed attachments such as a ploughshare, but with a shortened blade.
Conclusion
There are many design solutions for the development of cultivators, and the choice of a specific one is determined by the needs of the future user. Material costs for the manufacture of land-cultivating devices are minimal, and despite the fact that factory counterparts are sometimes estimated at tens of thousands of rubles. By and large, this is the reason for the fact that home-made cultivators are increasingly used not only in private households, but also in professional farming organizations. In terms of reliability, they are slightly inferior to branded units, and in terms of the quality of tillage they can surpass. You can make a cultivator with your own hands from improvised metal blanks, but the main advantage of such devices is the ability to diversify designs and, if necessary, make technical adjustments without the help of specialists.
