Every motorist has used oil, which is often disposed of or simply poured onto the ground. However, the same garage in winter can perfectly heat the stove with used oil. The drawings and diagrams that will be presented here will clearly display the principle of operation and the materials necessary to create it. Such a useful device can heat any room, and besides, it works on waste.
The principle of operation of the waste oil furnace
Like any liquid fuel, its combustion releases vapors, which are a source of increased thermal energy. The oil itself, when burning, cannot give such a temperature, it only creates conditions for vaporization.
Therefore, home-made waste oil stoves are divided into two compartments - lower and upper. Liquid oil burns at the bottom. At the topaccumulate and burn vapors that have risen from the first compartment. This raises the temperature, providing warmth to the room.
It is precisely because of this feature of burning liquid fuel that a waste oil furnace is assembled from two elements, which are then connected. With regard to air saturation, the lower part is supplied with it only in order to keep the oil burning. But in the upper part they make the feed as strong as possible in order to create the maximum temperature in it. This principle ensures the full operation of the stove, which is able to heat a room of any size.
Such homemade stoves for a garage or country houses are divided into three groups:
In the first case, there are two types of heat supply. The room can be heated by water that circulates through the system, or simply the heat from the stove will spread throughout the room. With water heating, the upper part of the furnace is equipped with a container with water, which is heated and diverges through the pipes of the heating system. For normal room heating, the stove can be mobile because no connections to the systems are required, only the chimney needs to be removed
- In the second case, home-made metal furnaces are equipped with drip feed, which ensures gradual burning of mining, this reduces fuel consumption. However, the very mechanism of such a metered supply of oil is very difficult to make at home. They are made in factoriesspecial technology.
- In the third case, the stove can be naturally aspirated, this is the simplest option, in which there are no additional elements. But you can equip the structure with forced air supply, so it will work more efficiently. In general, it all depends on the skill, the availability of the necessary materials and the area where such a homemade stove will be used.
Easiest oven design to make at home
The optimal design that any home craftsman can make in the yard or in his garage is a stove from a gas cylinder or pipes of the required diameter. That is, the simplest version of the unit without forced air supply and drip oil supply. However, despite the simplicity of the design, if everything is done correctly, such a stove will heat the necessary room for many years.
Such a design is the simplest, therefore, using its example, let's look at how to make a waste oil stove with your own hands.
Of course, a similar unit can be made from steel sheets, it will require a lot of labor and tools for bending metal, for example, into a pipe. Therefore, it is better to make from recycled materials - cylinders or finished pipes.
Procedure for manufacturing a furnace from a gas cylinder
First of all, you need to unscrew the valve from the cylinder so that all the gas that could remain inside comes out of it. Then, for the safety of further work, you need to pour water into it. After that, with the help of a grinder, cut off the topballoon, shaped like a hemisphere. Then the bottom of the balloon is also cut off. A homemade oil oven is made in exactly the same order as described above. This sequence ensures that the cylinder can be handled safely, without fear of gas residue detonating when it is cut.
Creating the lower chamber
The next step is to create the lower chamber of the furnace, where the oil will burn. It is made from cut off the upper and lower parts of the balloon. They are simply connected together so that when the furnace is ready, the chamber can be disassembled to clean it from soot and fuel residues. For this reason, the connection should not be deaf. It is made on threads or bolts. When everything is ready, the design acquires a stand, because the section of the cylinder with the support that was at the bottom remains there and will further ensure the stability of the finished product.
The upper hemisphere also fits perfectly, it already has a hole into which, when the oil burns, its vapors will rise to get into the upper chamber. They will pass through a perforated pipe, which is welded on top. Its diameter is 10 cm, length is 36 cm, and 48 holes are drilled in it, each 9 mm. They are designed to supply air to the vapor from the oil. Such a mixture provides intense combustion, in which a huge temperature is released for heating the room. Drawings will help to study the waste oil furnace, which will clearly display all the nuances of its design. As practice shows, in order for a perforated pipe to provide sufficient air flow, 48 holes are needed.
Creating the top chamber
When all the components of the lower part are assembled, the upper compartment is made, in which the vapors and air will burn, providing heat. It is created from the remaining middle part of the cylinder, the top and bottom of which will need to be welded with sheet metal circles. After they are cut out, a hole is made in the lower circle for connection with a perforated pipe, and in the upper circle for the output of combustion products. Holes are cut in the side of the circles, but when welding the upper chamber, they must be positioned so that they are on different sides. This will allow hot vapors to linger, which will heat the space longer. And only after they give up their thermal energy, they will go out through the chimney into the atmosphere.
Additional oven elements
For more efficient consumption of mining, such home-made metal furnaces are equipped with a supply valve, thanks to which the air supply can be regulated. It acts as a blower in a conventional oven. By adjusting it, you can make mining more efficient.
In addition, the lower part can be equipped with a fitting that will supply oil gradually.
Tips to help you build your oven
To make homemade waste oil stoves work well and be easy to maintain, you should follow some recommendations when creating them.
The hemispheres of the lower combustion chamber must not be tightly welded. After all, it will be necessary to clean the furnace from soot. Sothis compartment must be dismantled for ease of maintenance of the unit. All other parts must be securely welded. The connection between the spheres can be made threaded or bolted.
The chimney must be strictly vertical and be at least 4 meters - after all, such home-made heating stoves must have good traction. Otherwise, their efficiency is greatly reduced.
The perforated fitting should only be positioned vertically. Otherwise, there is a high probability that all the vapors that should be heated will immediately go into the atmosphere without giving proper heat. In addition, the oven will begin to smoke.
Oven operation tips
When operating home-made metal stoves, it is worth remembering the safety rules that allow you to use such a device conveniently and without any risks.
You need to periodically clean the carbon from the chimney, do not wait until the stove starts to smoke or lose its previous efficiency.
The lower compartment should be no more than one third full of oil. After all, if it is even half full, when boiling, the oil can splash out through the perforated fitting.
When the oil boils, it is necessary to track this moment and adjust the valves. This will make the operation of the furnace stable, which in turn improves its operation in terms of reducing fuel consumption and at the same time increasing the temperature.
Here is a detailed description of the principle of creation and scheme of the waste oil furnace, as well as what materials it is better and more convenient to make.
Creating a dripfuel supply
Now for dripping fuel, which, as mentioned above, is very difficult to do. However, it is still possible by choosing the parts suitable for this.
First of all, you will need a filter that will clean the mining before it enters the drip mechanism. After all, it is very sensitive to the slightest pollution. The selection of parts is quite painstaking, but if you make such an improvement, a homemade stove will become much more economical in terms of fuel consumption.
So, you need to install a car filter on the edge of the hose through which oil flows. It must provide absolute filtration so that the mining is clean and cannot clog the drip mechanism. There are filters that only partially make the oil cleaner, they will not work. The filter has a metric thread, so finding a pipe on which to put it on is a rather difficult task. However, you can take a suitable fitting, put a piece of hose on it and insert it into the required hole on the filter. But it should be noted that such a purification, installed on home-made stoves from pipes or a cylinder, must be cleaned regularly, because at the slightest blockage, the drip feed will stop working. Therefore, the filter must be constantly checked, and it is changed once a month.
Oil injection pump
Now with regard to the pump, which will pump the oil. GAZ 3102-40I from the Volga is perfect. When there is oil inside it, it works hard, but the good thing is that the outputthere is a complete absence of excess pressure. At the outlet of the injector is more than 3 atmospheres. This pump shows itself worthy, only there is one "but" - it is very productive. It's not scary because it's easy to fix. The diagram clearly shows the solution. Everything is assembled from tees, of which there are two, then there are three fittings, a nipple, and also part of a stud - it acts as an adjusting rod. After such refinement, this device, equipped in home-made waste oil furnaces, will work fine. Because the pump is able to take as much waste as the internal space of the housing with the rod in it allows. And whatever is left is coming back.
A part of the dropper is put on the fitting from below, it will regulate the fuel supply. From there, the oil enters the funnel. The feed rate is adjusted to maintain stable combustion, and nothing more. If mining is recruited a little faster, then a home-made oil stove will begin to smoke, and this is undesirable for obvious reasons.
The nuances of adjusting the drip feed
However, if you make too little oil flow into the furnace, the flame will go out. In general, it is worth finding a center that will provide the most productive combustion for the operation of the furnace. When changing fuel, the settings also change, because they are largely affected by viscosity and temperature, which should be from 10 to 20 degrees. The properties of the oil itself, which is poured into the lower chamber, also affect. After all, the stove can work on all fuel and lubricantmaterials, and the drip mechanism is very picky about what is poured into it. For these reasons, it is always worth adjusting this equipment for a specific oil that gets into home-made ovens for a garage or cottage.
Safety rules for handling the furnace during working out
This furnace design can run on any liquid fuel. However, flammable liquids such as acetone or gasoline should be avoided. It is best to apply oil, it does not flare up as quickly, so it is more predictable, and therefore safer.
Should take a special place for the stove, where there are no drafts. After all, a random flow of air can dramatically increase the flame, and such drops are very dangerous from a safety point of view.
When using such home-made heating stoves, you need to carefully monitor that there are no combustible objects near it. It is for this reason that it is better to keep the space around the unit empty, this will allow you to keep everything under control.
Now with regard to the serviceability and integrity of the design of the product. If even the slightest crack or other defect is noticed in any connection, home-made waste oil stoves should absolutely not be used. After all, a mixture of air and oil vapor burns inside, this flame is very dangerous in uncontrolled conditions, and besides, it is much hotter than from ordinary firewood. This is not to mention the fact that the oven may start to smoke due to a defect. Therefore, it is worth carefully monitoring the design, periodically inspecting the entire unit.
Everything related to home-made waste oil stoves is described in detail here. It is told from what it is more convenient and better to make them, and what they are in general. What is very important, here is a diagram of a waste oil furnace, which is the best way to help you understand all the intricacies of its design. For those who want to create a unit with oil drip, a way to make a homemade addition to the product is also described.
