The mass migration of residents of the cities of the Soviet Union from communal apartments to separate apartments, which today are condescendingly called Khrushchevs, began in the late fifties of the last century. Large area (kitchens no more than 6 m2), quality and comfort, these apartments do not differ, but it should be remembered that at one time they became a real breakthrough.
The first line for the production of such buildings was purchased in France. Probably, not everyone knows that in many developed countries such residential buildings were built. In the Soviet Union, houses of this type stopped being built only at the beginning of perestroika in 1985. By that time, about 300 million square meters of such housing had been built.
Types of layouts
There are several layouts of Khrushchev houses, it is interesting that each of them got its unofficial name among the people:
"Book"
This layout with a total area of 41 square meters has adjacent rooms, it is acceptedconsidered one of the most unfortunate.
"Tram"
A 48 m² apartment with adjacent rooms, but the redevelopment of this type of 2-room walk-through Khrushchev allows you to painlessly separate the rooms.
Mini Upgrade
The apartment with an area of 44.6 m² got its name due to the fact that it practically repeats the layout of nine-story buildings. By the time the construction of such houses began, the designers had already taken into account the shortcomings of the previous houses. The rooms in this option are isolated, but the size of the kitchen confuses. However, when remodeling a 2-room Khrushchev of this type, you can expand the kitchen to 8 m².
"Vest"
Such a 2-room Khrushchev, whose dimensions reach 46 m², is quite rare. The apartment is called "vest" (or "butterfly") due to the fact that its wings are two symmetrically located, identical rooms. Both are isolated, have a decent area. The problem with this layout is that it is not possible to expand the kitchen area without affecting one of the rooms.
What is redevelopment?
Those owners who believe that the owner can do anything with his housing are mistaken. The owners of housing are responsible, enshrined in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. This document defines residential refurbishment and redevelopment. In the second case, we are talking about changing the configuration of the living space. All changes are made to the technical passport of the apartment.
Rebuilding
This is an installation, transfer or replacementengineering networks, electrical, sanitary and other equipment. They must also be indicated in the registration certificate of housing.
Coordination
If your plans for redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev do not include the removal of load-bearing structures, as well as the transfer of the living room of the kitchen to the place, then it is not difficult to obtain permission. The advantage of Khrushchev can be considered the fact that in them the internal walls, in general, are not load-bearing. After receiving official permission, you can begin to demolish them, create new doorways.
This expands the possibilities of redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev. Such actions are referred to as simple redevelopment. It is easier to agree on them - in order to obtain permission, you can not develop a redevelopment project. It's just that the planned changes are applied to the floor plan received at the BTI.
Coordination of the redevelopment of the apartment can be briefly described as follows:
- The owner orders a technical passport of the apartment from the housing inspection.
- A redevelopment project is being drawn up. For this, people from special technical services are invited. They point out violations, if any, and correct them together with homeowners.
- A package of documents is being prepared to agree on the redevelopment of the apartment.
- The collected papers are submitted to the housing inspection for approval.
- During the month, the landlord receives one or another decision.
If the redevelopment plan complies with all established standards, then you will not face a refusal. Without approval, even permitted by lawactions cannot be performed.
What documents are required?
The list of required papers is as follows:
- certificate of ownership;
- permission from other owners (if any);
- remodeling project;
- registration certificate;
- Statement of the established form.
With a package of these documents, you should contact the housing inspection or the multifunctional center. You can start redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev apartment only after receiving official permission. In addition, you should be aware of the rules for such work.
Rules for redevelopment of apartments
Remodeling an apartment in an apartment building is troublesome and expensive. This is explained by the need to visit many instances in which permission for the project should be obtained, and a lot of prohibitions and restrictions. Based on the fact that everything is allowed that is not prohibited by law, we will tell you about the prohibitions that are included in the rules.
Do not affect load-bearing structures and main walls
It is not only about the dismantling of these structures (complete), but also about partial, including truncation. This is due to the fact that the building may lose its bearing capacity and “fold”, which may lead to human casu alties.
Close ventilation ducts
In multi-storey buildings, ventilation ducts are designed so as not to create excessive drafts in apartments and at the same time provide each dwellingfresh air supply. Removing or shortening the ventilation duct will disrupt the air circulation in the house.
Device from underfloor heating system
It is forbidden to equip underfloor heating using a common house heating system due to an increase in the volume of heated area, which is not included in the calculations of house designers. As a result of this violation, the temperature in the house decreases, and in an emergency it is difficult to get to the source of the leak. It is allowed to install electric underfloor heating, but in this case a conclusion from Gorenergo will be required.
Connecting a kitchen and a room in a gasified home
The ban is due to the fact that in the event of a gas leak and detonation for a house, damage will be much stronger if the living room is connected to the kitchen. By law, a tight-closing door must be installed between the room and the kitchen.
- Heating radiators are not allowed to be installed on the loggia or balcony.
- Connecting a room and a balcony.
In many apartments such a violation occurs, so many owners mistakenly believe that this is not a violation. A balcony, even insulated, is considered a cold room, its heating is not taken into account in the building project.
Shutoff valves for engineering systems at home
Despite this ban, many homeowners are still trying to install taps on cold water, heating and even sewer lines.
Relocation of engineering risers
Many Khrushchev owners are annoyed by the numerous pipes in the kitchen, bathroom and they hide them withwith a finishing layer. In order not to break the law, engineering communications can be hidden if a plumbing box is installed.
Expansion of the bathroom and toilet above the neighbors' living quarters
The ban is due to two reasons: tiled floors in wet areas conduct sound well, and therefore undesirable noises will disturb the peace of the neighbors from below, and the neighbors' rooms will suffer greatly during leakage.
Carry out the gas equipment hose under the sink
This operation is prohibited due to the fact that under the influence of high humidity, the gas hose will corrode and begin to leak gas. We think that we can not talk about the consequences.
In this section, we have given the most frequent and gross violations during the redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev, however, like any other apartment in a multi-storey building. It is impossible to fully describe them within the framework of the article, given the fact that certain restrictions may occur in each individual case. That is why, before starting repair work, consult with specialists who are involved in the design and coordination of redevelopment.
Re-planning options
The main problem of Khrushchev is the small area of the hallway, kitchen, bathroom, rooms and very low ceilings. For the sake of solving these problems, redevelopment of the apartment is being started.
Popular ways
There are several options for repairing a 2-room Khrushchev. The most radical of them is the demolition of all non-bearing walls (with the exception of the bathroom and bathroom) andzoning of one large room with light partitions using design techniques. As a result, you will get a nice and comfortable studio apartment.
But this option is not for everyone. In many families, the requirement for isolated rooms remains. In addition, according to the law, one room must remain living in the apartment. Popular options for combining the kitchen and living room or bedroom and living room into one room. In this case, it all depends on the composition of the family and the need to create separate rooms for its members.
Re-planning of the "book"
The main problem of such an apartment is the walk-through room. Competent redevelopment allows you to make two rooms isolated by reducing the not too large area of \u200b\u200bthe second room. But many owners are willing to pay that price for a more comfortable stay.
With this layout, the kitchen area can be increased in the only way - by combining it with the room. There are no more options. If it is not possible to add a couple of additional square meters to the area of the room, then try to increase it visually.
Design "book"
There are many design techniques that allow you to visually expand a small room. First of all, you should think about the color of the finish. The use of light tones expands the room, and all saturated and bright colors "compress" it.
Will help visually expand the room floral print on the wallpaper. But it must be small. Atfor the design of the ceiling, give preference to light, as close as possible to white. The design of a 2-room Khrushchev apartment will be stylish and modern with stretch ceilings. A multi-level plasterboard ceiling with additional lighting will increase the height of the room.
Flooring - colored or plain light in the color scheme chosen for the room. Colored flooring visually “raises” the ceiling and “pulls apart” the walls.
Furniture in such a small space should not become an accent. It is desirable that it be chosen to match the walls. Mirrors will add light to the room - they reflect both daylight and artificial light. But their use should also be measured.
Re-planning of the "tram"
By starting a redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev with that name, you can get two isolated rooms. A significant drawback of this layout is that it is impossible to expand the kitchen without combining it with the room. And this is not always possible. In this case, the corridor is extended to the end of the end wall, subtracting about a meter from the passage room.
Losses in the area, of course, will be, but in part they can be compensated by the appearance of a capacious closet installed in the space that appeared between the rooms. After redevelopment, the remaining area of the reduced room remains quite comfortable. In order to expand the room visually, use the design methods described above.
Remodeling "mini-improvement"
Such redevelopment will significantly increase the kitchen area. It can be 8 square meters after completion of work. This can be achieved by dismantling the pantry. It can be replaced by a compact and modern wardrobe. The place of the pantry will be taken by a bathroom, and in its place there will be a bathroom.
All the options for redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev proposed in this article should be considered as possible. Do not be afraid to supplement and change them according to your desires and needs, of course, within the framework of the requirements of the law. Making such an apartment comfortable and modern housing is not an easy task, but possible. If you think that you cannot solve it yourself, ask professional designers for help.
