The infrastructure of private houses provides for a number of systems that increase its operational comfort. In the list of the main elements of engineering, devices for heating and water supply are distinguished. Their functions are familiar to every inhabitant of a modern house - heat and hot water are indispensable resources for maintaining human life. Approaches to the organization of technical support of premises may differ, causing the nuances of designing a particular system.
Initial data for design
The variety of equipment that provides private houses with water and heat forces engineers to think over optimal solutions from the very first stages, on which the design of a heating or water supply system will be based. In this part, it is necessary to take into account many parameters of the building, and also not to forget about the nature of its operation - temporary, permanent, seasonal, etc. The main starting points in the search for the most rational heating and water supply systems are the technical parameters and capabilities of a particular house:
- living area (totaland each room separately);
- local climatic conditions (important to consider if the building heating system is being designed and heat losses are being calculated);
- configuration of possible branching of heating or water circuits around the house;
- capabilities of power supply and connection to the central highway;
- need for system automation.
We can say that this is the primary information on which the design of heating systems for private houses is carried out with the selection of the type of equipment and the appropriate fuel. Next comes the selection of devices and the direct design of systems.
Heating equipment
To heat private houses today, various technical means are used, which differ in the type of heat source and dissipating element. The traditional ones include boilers, radiators and convectors, as well as pipes with a water coolant. In turn, each of these technical means has design features that should take into account the design of the heating system and related components. Fuel resources can be water, gas, solids, electricity, etc.
Modern varieties of heating equipment include solar panels, underfloor heating and pellet boilers. Each of these systems is innovative in a certain sense. For example, solar panels run on free and renewable ray energy, and outdoorheating has become a revolutionary design.
Development of a heating project
Based on the characteristics of the equipment selected for installation, the calculation of its parameters and installation technology is carried out. The heating project includes circuit wiring diagrams (if any), volumes of heat consumption sources, location configuration in the house, power and other indicators.
In modern cottages, the design of the heating system usually involves the use of boilers. They can operate on water coolant, electricity, solid fuel and other sources. The finished project must provide information on the following items:
- general communication wiring diagram;
- height communication wiring diagram;
- information about the materials used;
- instruction regarding the work to be performed;
- specifications by device;
- project sketch;
- drawings with parameters and designation of the main components of the heating system;
- designation of sites for connecting nodes;
- communication wiring plan.
Equipment for the water supply system
Proper design of heating systems for private houses will allow you to implement an efficient heating system that will meet the heating needs at minimal cost.
Providing quality water at home is more difficult, as there is a need for special waste disposal. In addition, the resource must arrive in a suitableuse of the form, in connection with which the design of water heating systems also takes into account the means of filtration.
So, the water supply system may consist of the following components:
- source of water intake (well, central main);
- water intake device;
- pump station;
- cleaning equipment;
- reservoir for receiving and discharging treated water;
- water conduits;
- distributing elements.
Pipes and a pump are of fundamental importance in the choice. A modern pipeline, as a rule, is realized from PVC circuits, which allows extending the service life and facilitating installation. Among pumps, circulation models with a thermostat are preferable. By the way, the design of a heating system often leaves the possibility of using one technical infrastructure for several engineering systems.
Water supply engineering
Comprehensive development of a plan for the organization of the water supply system allows you to get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe capacity of the equipment, related materials, branching methods and the rational distribution of wires in the house.
As well as the design of home heating systems, the package of documentation for water supply communications should describe the characteristics and placement of collector points, the parameters of pipeline routing and risers, design materials for drainage and consumption, recommendations for selecting a pump andaxonometric plan of water supply.
If it is planned to equip a building with several floors, then a floor plan is drawn up with the location of plumbing devices.
Flow meters
Both when designing home heating systems and when organizing water supply, the integration of flow sensors can be a useful solution. They allow you to control consumption indicators, and the latest models work in conjunction with automatic control devices. Thus, the convenience of operation and reliability in the operation of devices is increased.
In most cases, modern design involves the integration of thermostats. The devices of this family operate on the principle of regulation of water heating - this reduces the operating intervals and increases the durability. In addition, the presence of multifunctional sensors is an element of the security system of heating and water supply complexes, preventing excessive generation of heat or hot water.
Combined systems
In a broader sense, the combination of several subsystems in one building infrastructure refers to the idea of a "smart" home. Such complexes also include security devices, electrical equipment, air conditioners, etc.
Combined design and installation of heating systems are focused on combining two functions due to the boiler, which works with the boiler on the principle of priority hot water supply. For the construction of such systems, it is important to determine the number of collapsiblepoints, the number of people living, and also provide for the possibility of simultaneous use of several sites with water supply.
Installation rules
Although the design of heating and plumbing systems is key to the efficient operation of communications equipment, the quality of their installation is also important. As a rule, installation is carried out before the implementation of facing and finishing procedures. This is especially true for laying pipelines when plumbing is being installed in ceilings and underground niches. The integration of wiring in the subceiling space is also common.
There are also nuances when designing and installing heating systems in houses. The specifics of installation is determined by the type of equipment. In some cases, the room must initially be designed for the removal of combustion products. Here it is worth remembering the combination of air conditioning and ventilation in one complex.
System upgrades
Measures to improve existing systems are carried out after a technical revision of the equipment and the very concept of the project. It is for subsequent modernization that the design of heating and water supply systems should provide for the possibility of replacing components or introducing new devices.
A classic illustration of such an upgrade is the laying of new pipes (for example, metal circuits give way to PVC analogues), the introduction of more functional collector cabinets, the installationforced circulation pumps and other operations.
