According to scientists and cultivar growers, these southern fruit trees need the right temperature to successfully produce these southern fruit trees. So, according to Russian institutes, the following conditions are considered optimal for growing any variety of pears for the Moscow region:
- temperature above 10 ºС;
- frost-free duration - 135 days or 4.5 months;
- during the heat period, the temperature should not be lower than 15 ºС;
- duration of the thermal period - 85 days for summer varieties, 115-150 days for autumn and 120-185 days for winter varieties.
Therefore, in order to achieve high productivity in the production of pears, it is necessary to carefully and accurately select varieties that are frost-resistant (can withstand temperatures down to -40ºС), are resistant to various diseases, such as scab, and are also characterized by excellent taste.
The best varieties of pears for the Moscow region
"Muscovite" - medium-resistant to frost. Late autumn variety. Photophilous. Pruning is not required. The fruits are harvested in September. Stored in the refrigerator until the New Year.
Pear variety "Lada" - high winter hardiness. The soil should be kept loose. Self-fertile summer variety. The best pollinators for her are pears "Chizhovskaya" and "Blankova's daughter".
"Chizhovskaya" - winter hardiness is high, but does not like sudden changes in temperature. Watering is moderate. The tree is vigorous. Be sure to tie branches with fruits.
"Severyanka" - high frost resistance for a long time. Requires pruning in early care. Faster than some other varieties, it begins to bear fruit after planting - in the 2nd or 3rd year.
"Yakovlev's favorite" - a high indicator of resistance to frost. The young tree is slightly pruned to form a crown. Doesn't like weeds. Requires treatment for diseases, as it is occasionally susceptible to scab damage. Begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year. From high humidity it is affected by scab.
"Smart Efimova" - winter hardy. Photophilous. Pruning is for sanitary purposes only. It differs from other varieties by a high content of pectin - 11% (instead of 7%). The fruits must be plucked unripe.
"Space" - average estimates of winter hardiness. Likes loose, non-clay soil. Sanitary pruning at a young age, sprawling tree. Later than others, it enters fruiting - on the 8th and 9th years after planting. Winter hardiness is average, but more resistant to scab.
Early ripening from Michurinsk - winter hardiness and resistance todiseases above other varieties. Photophilous. Watering is moderate. The harvest is high - up to 50 kilograms from a ten-year-old tree. Fruit ripening early.
"August dew" - resistance to frost is average, therefore, such varieties, like other medium-resistant to frost, should be planted in a lowland. Very resistant to scab. A small tree with a drooping crown. Fruits are stored up to 20 days. It is better to grow them in the crown, as winter hardiness is average.
"Orlovskaya summer" is moderately resistant to frost, temperature extremes and diseases. Large fruits weighing 220 grams with the highest tasting scores of at least 4.7. However, frost resistance is below average, so growing in the crown is required.
"Yeseninskaya" - moderately resistant to frost, temperature extremes and diseases. Likes wet, but not swampy places. Quickly bears fruit - in the second year. Pyramid tree.
"Autumn Dream" - should be planted in the lowlands, frost resistance is below average. High disease resistance. Harvest - 40 kilograms per tree with a lifespan of 10 years. Fruits in the 5th year.
"Red-sided" - at the highest level is the endurance to climatic conditions of this variety of pears. For the Moscow region and other regions, it is an ideal option for cultivation. High frost resistance, heat resistance, not susceptible to disease. The soil must not be hard. Water moderately.
"Memory of Zhegalov" is a moderately resistant variety to diseases and wintercold. For good fruiting, it requires cross-pollination with such varieties as "smart Efimova", "marble" and "Yakovlev's favorite". Late ripening fruits. When harvesting, fruits should not be overexposed on trees.
"Century" - moderately resistant to frost and disease. Photophilous. Needs a little pruning at an early age. Large-fruited variety.
"Krasulya" and "fabulous" are heat-resistant and winter-hardy varieties. Medium tree. Watering is moderate. Soil care at an early age is regular.
"Dekabrinka" is moderately resistant to frost and disease. Normal care: moderate watering, loosening the soil. Does not need pruning. Very capricious in co-grafting.
"Irista" is a relatively new variety. Average frost resistance. It is susceptible to scab, so it should be treated for the disease. Light-requiring.
"Central Russian" is a frost-resistant and heat-resistant variety. The fruits are shorter than the rest, weighing 110-120 grams, sweet. Stored for about 15 days.
"Bessemyanka" - high in terms of climatic indicators and medium in terms of disease resistance of this pear variety. Suitable for cultivation in the Moscow region. Watering is moderate. The fruits are short, weighing from 90 to 100 grams.
"Marble" - extremely low disease susceptibility, and medium resistance to cold and extreme heat. Sanitary pruning required. Broad fruits. It is required to inoculate to more winter-hardy. Fruitful, up to 200 kilograms from an adult tree. Goodtransported. Fruits are best picked when unripe.
Finishing our short review-description of each variety of pears for the Moscow region, I would like to wish all gardeners successful harvests, hardiness of trees in frosty winters.
