Technological underground are premises located, as a rule, in the lower part of a residential building, where all communications are located, as well as the necessary engineering equipment. A technical underground is a technical room that is located underground. A residential building is also characterized by the arrangement of basements or areas located between the floors of the entire building.
General information
Basements can be considered technical undergrounds only if they comply with all building codes, individual rules during the construction of the house. SNiP provides a clear definition for each of the types of premises in the basement of a residential building.
The difference between a technical underground and a basement can be quite significant for homeowners. The underground is not taken into account during the cadastral survey and valuation and therefore will not be subject to the tax base.
To understand the difference between the technical underground and the basement, you need to thoroughly study the legal fieldthis issue, the relevant standards that are used by technical inspections during the evaluation of the premises of the building. And now it is worth familiarizing yourself with the main concept of the article in more detail.
Technical underground definition
Based on the approved project of the house, where all the necessary parameters are indicated in writing, as well as the characteristics of the premises, a technical underground is being arranged and equipped. It should be noted that technical undergrounds in an apartment building can be quite large. Basements are often given away for them.
Stories
For an ordinary high-rise building, underground spaces are often given away located under the first floor, they can also be connected to the basement.
If there are more than 16 floors in a residential building, then the presence of technical rooms after 50 meters will be a prerequisite. This is due to the fact that it is imperative to control the pressure under hydrostatic pressure in the water supply and heating system of a residential building.
At the same time, all technical premises are delimited from the residential area of the house, equipment is placed there in order to ensure the life of residential apartments with their respective utility needs.
Indoor equipment
Typical underground equipment should include the following: pipes designed to supply heat and water to residential apartments of the house, sewer drains, electrical panels, boiler rooms, ventilation, air conditioners and pumps, machine sectors,aimed at maintaining elevators in the building.
The height of the technical underground is selected depending on the equipment that will be placed there, but it must not be less than the norm established by law. All load from appliances and operation of units must be calculated on the basis of design documents.
All utility systems, as well as communications, including ventilation of the technical underground, are located in the lower zone of the building, sometimes under the roof. Strong noise from the operation of the equipment can cause severe discomfort to those living in a residential building, as well as tangible vibration, which will not have the best effect on the well-being of the apartment owners.
For this reason, during the equipment of the premises in the technical underground, it is necessary to carry out high-quality sound insulation, equip equipment support with shock-absorbing systems, installing specialized materials aimed at absorbing vibrations.
The entire area of the technical room and the equipment in it belong to the so-called common property of all residents living in the house. However, the entrances and exits to the technical underground must also be presented to the managing organization to which the residential building is attached for maintenance. This used floor is strictly prohibited from being transferred to one owner.
Regulatory documents for construction and equipment
All rules regarding the commissioning and operation of a residential building are spelled out in the documents described below:
- SNiP 2.08.01 -rules, norms for any building where residents live.
- SNiP 31.02 was developed and approved, which regulates premises located in single-family buildings.
- SNiP 31.06, designed for public buildings that border or are located in residential buildings.
- SNiP 31.01 - the rules for the operation of multi-apartment houses are indicated. However, some amendments were made to this document in 2011, and the number changed to the following: 54.13330.
Dimensions of the room
The requirements for the dimensions of a technical room, for example, for passages in a technical underground, are prescribed in the document SNiP 2.08.01-89, they apply only to residential buildings. It states that the attic, in its technical use, must be at least 1.6 meters with a passage that is 1.2 meters wide. However, some configuration features allow you to reduce the height to 1.2 meters, and the width to 0.9 meters.
Those basements that house heating with water supply and communications should have a height of 1.8 meters. In those places where refractory materials are used, this figure can be changed up to 1.6 meters. All technical premises are divided into zones by partitions, which is explained by fire safety.
The size of each section can be up to 500 square meters. It should be noted that all employees of an organization serving a residential building must have round-the-clock and unhindered accessto this kind of premises.
Arrangement and height
SNiP 31.01 (dated 2003) defines a technical room as a space intended for the use of only a communication pipeline, while without arrangement for a living room:
- height in the technical underground should be at least 1.6 meters, but if a transit pipeline is being laid, then the height is made from 1.8 m;
- it is also necessary to organize a passage, at least 1.2 meters wide, which is absolutely necessary for equipment maintenance and control;
- additionally make through holes for pipes, as a rule, this is organized in the partitions of the room, taking into account the insulating layers;
- artificial lighting is also being installed along the entire passage, which must be turned on at the very entrance;
- to get through the pipelines, you should equip them with special wooden bridges;
- in addition, the room should have a convenient door, as well as a safe staircase;
- due to dampness and condensation, corrosion-treated fittings should be used.
For the convenience of carrying out repair work on the pipeline, it is necessary to equip the underground room with installation passages located in the walls, as well as at the ends of the house. Their size should be at least 0.9 x 0.9 meters. This is done so that during the dismantling of pipes there is no need to destroy the entire wall of the house.
Ventilation
In the premises located underground, it is imperative that fresh air be constantly supplied. This is arranged with the help of window and door openings, as well as using channels designed for air exhaust. It is mandatory to have ventilation in the basement, which will reduce the accumulation of condensate, as well as protect the room from fires.
Each vent in size should be 0.2 x 0.2 m, located at a distance of 0.4 m from the floor surface. The total number of ventilation should be such that the area of all ventilation vents occupy at least 1/400 of the entire area of the residential building.
In addition, it is necessary to equip necessarily and isolated areas where dry air is present, supply and exhaust ventilation is installed there. Access to such premises should be unhindered for regular inspection.
In winter, basements are kept at five degrees above zero, preventing freezing below zero. To eliminate heat loss in the basement, it is necessary to insulate all pipes with materials that retain heat. In addition, they insulate all surfaces of ceilings and walls.
When condensation accumulates, it is necessary to organize the arrangement of several additional layers for waterproofing, thoroughly ventilate the room through windows, lattice doors, preventing unauthorized persons or animals from entering inside.
The difference between a basement and a technical underground
What is the difference between a basement and a technical underground? The basement is considered to be a floorat home, it is indicated in the cadastral registration. The basement in the house allows you to expand the usable area, organize either a storage room or a living space.
Please note that cellars are allowed to be rented out. This is their main difference from the technical underground, combined with the basement or built separately.
Norms among undergrounds provide for a height of 180 cm. For fire safety, at least 2 meters will be required. If we consider all the rules, we can find out that all rooms with a height of 180 cm are not floors and their difference is that they are not taken into account in the area of a residential building, respectively, they will not be subject to the tax base.
Vulnerabilities in tech undergrounds
Strong air humidity in underground rooms leads to the accumulation of moisture on the floor and other surfaces. All this causes rotting of the boards, the appearance of rust on metal structures and spoils the thermal insulation. If poor drainage was done, then basement flooding also takes place.
During the repair of basements and undergrounds, special attention should be paid to:
- poor air exchange in the basement, which becomes noticeable due to the presence of a musty smell there;
- ventilation malfunction, which manifests itself in the form of mold lesions and surface fungus;
- destruction of thermal winding and waterproofing of walls, corrosion on metal;
- failure of electrical wiring;
- blockage in basement drainage system;
- defectfoundation and other supports under the equipment;
- the formation of gaps and cracks that let in both moisture and damp cold air from the street.
Conclusion
In some situations, during repairs, it is necessary to increase the height of the basement, install auxiliary supports for units and appliances, expand openings in the supporting walls, dig trenches or collectors to collect condensate and moisture, as well as to drain it. All these types of work are carried out according to the agreed construction plans.
