The Urban Planning Code and SNiPs make differences in the definitions of “number of floors and number of floors”. What is the difference - you can find out in the regulatory documentation. To know the distinctive features of the main parameters in buildings, and not just the terminology, is necessary for a professional builder, an architect when developing projects, and a person who has to draw up permits. Reveals the secret of how to determine the number of storeys and the number of floors, what is the difference, also explains well - the provision of building codes and regulations 31-01-2003.
Feature of building terms
The building is a complex multifunctional system. Designers begin to work on its construction long before the excavation of the foundation pit begins and the first brick or reinforced concrete wall is laid. Specialists calculate the number of storeys and the number of floors in the building, what is the difference they know - in levels. Architects put in project documentation:
- dimensions according to construction calculationsitems;
- determine spaces and distances between different structures;
- calculate loads on floors and load-bearing beams.
The work is serious and painstaking, the safety of the future inhabitants of the buildings depends on it. This also applies to the number of storeys and the number of floors. What is the difference - in the space between the floor and ceiling surfaces. The created level between the floors, in which rooms are placed, as well as structures above or below the ground, these are all floors, and they require careful design.
How to calculate the number of floors?
A simple layman will not cause doubts in determining the number of storeys and the number of floors of the building. Counts by visible windows, starting from the first and ending with the last. Builders classify their buildings, but in a slightly different way. Buildings are included in the number of storeys:
- overground;
- technical;
- attic;
- basement structure, provided that the line of its overlap is above 2 m from the ground.
All structures should be included in the floor count:
- basements;
- underground;
- basement;
- overground;
- technical;
- mansard.
Urban planning classifier under the number of floors implies a certain criterion in order to conduct a state examination of the developed project, where the term number of floors is not used. It is to clarify the expert data that the separation of concepts is important. Builders use it fordifferent occasions when determining as far as possible:
- change the characteristics of the building;
- reconstruction;
- perform restoration.
Provided that work is to be done in areas of historical structures, and changes need some additions or additions.
Height of buildings
Classification of buildings occurs according to different parameters. Designers select components and structures, completing them into a single system for experts or other inspectors. Separately, there are elements that need to be paid attention to foremen and direct performers. Buildings are distinguished by the number of floors:
- 2 - small;
- 5 - medium;
- 6 - high-rise buildings;
- 10 – increased;
- 16 - tall buildings;
- 20 and above - they include skyscrapers.
Buildings are assigned a height category:
- 50 m – 1;
- 75 m - 2;
- 100 m - 3;
- 101 m – 4.
High-rise buildings require special attention in ensuring their safety with a fire extinguishing system, smoke-free staircases, their presence is regulated by SNiPs. Such buildings have not particularly taken root in our country, except perhaps in the central cities. But a mid-rise residential building can be found in every regional town.
Typical characteristic
Each built-up level in the house has a clear description. Typical Features:
- Basement - starts withfeatures of the floor area, which is located below ground level, but not more than half the height of the rooms placed there.
- The basement is considered to be the marking on the floor surface after the ground line, if the height corresponds to 1/2 of the premises.
- Underground floors of buildings are counted by the floor below the ground level.
- On the surface - these are all buildings, the floor plane of which is located above the level of the land line.
- The attic space belongs to the attics, the facade of which consists of a roofing pie.
The technical part of the building includes areas where engineering equipment is located, and laid communications are suitable. The technical floor is a node and a constructive object of a special purpose, it can be placed underground or in the attic. Sometimes designers make choices in the most efficient and unexpected locations, such as in the middle of a house.
Geometric content
Regardless of which residential building was built, medium-rise, larger or smaller, before the professionals geometrically calculated the height of each space between horizontal surfaces. The design is carried out along vertical distances, measured from the floor line of the lower floor to the upper one. The typical size of this parameter is allowed up to 2.7 m of room height.
According to modern layouts, it does not always obey the usual standards. They carry out all the necessary calculations, make high vestibules that exceed the level of ordinary premises. Differently developers orthe owners belong to household areas. It is not uncommon to find a residential basement. It was originally distributed and equipped by developers or citizens settled and reconstructed the building themselves.
Which spaces are not countable
When the design and construction of an apartment building or a public building, structure, it is not included in the calculation of above-ground structures in the form of floors:
- underfloor under the living quarters, regardless of height;
- space between floors if it is less than 1.8 m high;
- roof superstructures, stairwell sections, elevator machine room, ventilation chamber, rooftop boilers.
Buildings fill structural elements such as variable floors. In technical plans, when they start developing documentation for houses with different numbers of floors, they are not listed, but the minimum and maximum (1-16) are indicated.
If an inventory of housing is carried out in the presence of a house in its individual parts, different in the number of above-ground buildings, the floors are determined by the smallest value, actual and recorded in the technical plan. During the design of an apartment building with a breakdown of a house plan on a slope with a basement, the slope increases the number of tiers, they are counted in parts in each individual section of the building.
Specialized Residential Buildings
The number of storeys of buildings largely depends on their purpose. Buildings are massive and specialized. Firstthe buildings contain apartments where families of different composition and economic status will live. Specialized houses according to their purpose are:
- dormitories;
- hotels;
- boarding schools for the disabled and the elderly.
In each of the buildings people are planned to live for different durations. What height to build a house depends on the regional authorities, building legislation and its territorial location. For example:
- large metropolitan areas are building up neighborhoods with 9-storey buildings;
- large cities in their residential areas place buildings, starting with five-module options;
- in small district settlements and urban-type settlements, mid-rise buildings are typical;
- in the villages, mostly buildings are built no higher than 2 floors.
Urban architecture is distinguished by its versatility, structural elements of different shapes.
Planning structure
Residential multi-apartment development has distinctive features in terms of volume and layout structure. Objects are divided by configurations:
- sectional;
- corridor;
- gallery;
- blocked.
In buildings with sections, apartments are placed on top of each other by floor, where they are connected:
- vertical communications;
- stairs;
- lifts.
The apartment has an entrance from the landing or elevator hall. In residential buildings, sections can be arrangedboth multiple and singular. They satisfy the owners in different ways in terms of efficiency, but allow developers to maneuver the placement of objects within the city, combining compositional solutions.
Features of corridor buildings
Horizontal communications are equipped in gallery residential buildings. Layouts are called corridor because of the location of apartments on the sides of this space. The system is connected by vertical communications, stairs and elevators. But it does not have proper cross ventilation.
Therefore, in climatic zones of categories 3 and 4, the corridor layout in the houses was replaced by a gallery arrangement of apartments. In any case, their structure allows efficient use of elevators, which makes it possible to increase the number of floors up to 16.
Novelty of the time
The architecture of urban planning has changed markedly compared to the Soviet period. Apartments were received free of charge, it was enough to work at one enterprise for several years. Housing was developed and then built according to the same type of standard projects; it did not differ in any way even in different cities, except perhaps in the size of the areas. Now there are corridor and gallery sectional buildings. Spacious apartments in them occupy 2 floors at once with an internal staircase and corridors through one span.
The household premises were distributed both below and above, this helps to use 2 types of communications - horizontal and vertical. In these buildings, cross-ventilation is equipped from 2 sides. So far, these are only experimental projects, not very activethey take root in the population. It is impossible to call them an economical or budget option, since it is impossible to place less than 3 rooms in houses with a similar layout.
Interlock housing construction
Blockhouse can be multi-family, but have no more than 2 floors. The location of one living space on two levels at once is allowed. Only the entrance to it is provided not from the corridors, but from the yard. These are cottages convenient for the countryside, near them you can set up a small garden or equip a walking yard. The land plot is located in front of the housing and is equal in its width, it turns out up to 200 m 2 for each owner. Interlocking buildings accommodate up to 10 apartments from 3 to 5 rooms.
Student Housing
Still popular with students and working youth hostel. They save the budget for single people for temporary residence, allow them to save money to buy a more comfortable home. For families developed small-sized. This is a reduced copy of an apartment with 1 or 2 rooms, a bathroom and a toilet. In buildings of a hotel type, it is supposed to receive clients for several days. In cities, such premises are not designed for special loads, they are placed in multi-storey buildings. Although the height of the building is ordered by the developer. It assumes the number of business travelers and tourists that it plans to receive.
In many ways, the number of storeys, comfort inside buildings and around houses depends on material support. The morebuyers, the faster the construction industry develops. The number of floors is also influenced by customer demand. Not everyone likes to live in a high-rise and get to the apartment by elevator. The opportunity to settle down in a city with the conditions of a modern rural resident is attractive to many, but finances do not allow everyone.
Meanwhile, apartments in 5-storey buildings are in demand and quickly find their owners. Therefore, developers outside the city are buying up land and building comfortable, comfortable houses. But before starting construction work, design documentation is prepared for them, taking into account the floors. The administration gives permission for the development of the site if the experts make a positive conclusion regarding the structure of the land.
