Autumn application of fertilizers to the soil can significantly increase yields, but this is not the whole range of activities that the soil requires. Preparation is divided into several stages, following which you can achieve amazing results throughout the subsequent period.
Autumn soil preparation
Cultivating the land in autumn, you can significantly increase the yield. It is only necessary to perform all the steps in strict sequence. Work should begin immediately after harvesting all the vegetables: in late September - early October. It is important to start it before the onset of the cold season and before the start of the autumn rains. Immediately after harvesting tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, it is necessary to loosen the ground with a rake. This will allow the weed seeds to germinate.
After two weeks after loosening, when weed shoots appear, the earth must be dug up. During this process, the bear and many other pests are destroyed. Do not be afraid of young growth of grass. Many types of weeds die completely when the upper part of the plant is destroyed. When cleaning the soil surface in autumn, many pathogens and pests die. Preparation during this period is especially important. It is necessary to dig up the soil to the depth of the fertile layer (20-25 cm), trying not to get the barren layer to the surface.
But if the land contains a large amount of clay or the site has been neglected and a large number of weeds have grown on it, digging is indispensable both in autumn and in spring. Of course, if you want to have a rich harvest!
Lumps of earth formed after digging in autumn should not be broken. The soil left in this form for the winter is better saturated with air, less compacted. During winter frosts, clods of earth freeze through, destroying the remaining larvae, pests, pathogens and the root system of weeds.
Fertile soil preparation
Soil with a large number of earthworms is considered more fertile due to the fact that these creatures saturate it with humus. If the top layer does not have a continuous cover of weeds, then the earth can not be dug up, loosening is enough. Sometimes such a plot is sown with winter rye in the fall. This prevents leaching of nutrients from the top layer and creates favorable conditions for the formation of humus.
Spring soil preparation
On the loose ground that was dug up in the fall, the snow melts much faster in the spring, so it will be possible to start the season earlier. Lumps, breaking up into small fractions, freely pass water. As a result, loose and fertilized soil is formed. Preparation in early spring will not take much time - you only need to crush large clods, andyou can start planting. This is best done after the earth has dried and begins to loosen from the surface of the shovel.
Greenhouse: ground care
If there is a greenhouse in the summer cottage, then there are a number of activities that should be done in the fall. Since the air in the greenhouse is warm and rather humid, this creates certain conditions for the development of all kinds of microorganisms - pathogens. Soil preparation in the greenhouse should be done in the fall, because this time is the best time to clean up unwanted pests.
First you need to remove all the remnants of the tops and weeds, and then disinfect the soil. To do this, use copper sulfate (one tablespoon per ten liters of water), which must be applied to the ground. Such procedures should be performed with great care, and if there is not enough experience, then it is better to use another method. To do this, it is necessary to remove the top layer of earth (5-6 cm) and take it outside the greenhouse. This allows you to get rid of weed seeds, larvae and other pests. And then add the missing layer with manure, compost, sand and tree leaves. After that, the soil is dug up, thus evenly mixing with fertilizers.
On the walls of the greenhouse, as a rule, there is a multiplication of all kinds of fungi and mold. To get rid of them, it is necessary to fumigate with sulfur.
How to get a good harvest of strawberries
Preparing the soil for planting strawberries includes site selection and cultivationsoil. Fans of this berry should be aware that such a culture will not grow well in a sandy area, since it has an upper root system that will simply overheat and dry out in summer. On land with a lot of clay, it is also problematic to get a good harvest, since the roots will not have enough oxygen. Soil quality can be improved by adding humus. It is better to prepare beds for strawberries, the height of which is 10 centimeters, and the distance between them is up to half a meter.
Preparing the soil for strawberries in August
This berry grows in one place up to 4 years, so land preparation may require some effort. You should immediately get rid of all the weeds, because after planting weeding will have to spend a lot of effort. Having decided on the place, it is necessary to dig up the soil and carefully select all the roots. It should be borne in mind that this berry is sun-loving, and in the shade of trees you can not count on the harvest.
Preparing the soil, namely the selection of all the weeds, is a rather tedious process. The same problem can be solved by using herbicides ("Tornado", "Hurricane"). After spraying, after 10 days, the site is dug up, and dead plants are removed with a rake. Then the soil is fertilized and seedlings are planted. Preparing the soil for strawberries in August, followed by planting, allows you to get the first harvest next year.
Crop rotation when planting strawberries
When alternating on a personal plotcultivated crops maintain the fertility of the land. It also significantly reduces the number of pests and the likelihood of disease. With many years of cultivation in the same place of the same crops, the “fatigue” of the soil occurs, and the yield decreases. Each type of plant is affected by certain diseases. Growing in one place leads to the accumulation of pathogens and a powerful defeat of planted crops.
Therefore, soil preparation for strawberries should be carried out taking into account what has grown in this area before. It is not recommended to plant this berry after potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant and cabbage. The most favorable place is where carrots, onions, peas, garlic, beets grew.
Preparing a plot for raspberries
When planning to plant raspberries, please note that you need to choose the right site. After all, this plant forms many shoots, loves fertile land and sunlight. It is not advisable to plant the berry in open, windy, low and wet areas, as well as between rows of trees. The most successful location will be along the fence.
Due to the fact that raspberries deplete the soil quite strongly and can grow in one place for up to ten years, it is necessary to fertilize the soil well before planting. Organic fertilizers that can be mixed with compost and ash have a good effect. Soil preparation in the fall is the best option. First, they dig it up and remove the weed roots, then evenly distribute the fertilizer over the surface and dig it up again.
Necessary amount of nutrients depends on the soil. If the site is poor, then it is necessary to add 10 kg of organic matter per square meter, as well as 30 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers. 10 kg of organic fertilizers and 20 g of phosphorus and potash should be added to the fertile soil. Planting raspberries is carried out in the spring.
Planting raspberries in the same place: features
If you need to remove the old bushes of the plant and plant new ones, then the preparation will take much longer. First, old bushes are removed and the soil is fertilized. In the next two years, it is necessary to plant various vegetables on this site: beets, carrots, cucumbers, onions, radishes. In the year of planting, crops are also planted that are harvested early (lettuce, dill, onion), and then the land is prepared. It is on such soil that raspberries will grow most effectively. Soil preparation and proper crop rotation will ensure a good harvest for ten years.
Autumn land preparation is the key to a good potato harvest
This crop requires loose soil to produce a good harvest. To do this, it is necessary to dig the site deep in the fall. It is better to do this in mid-September - late October. Large clods of earth should not be crushed. During winter frosts, pest larvae will be destroyed, and the earth will acquire the necessary looseness, which will provide optimal conditions for the development of potatoes. In the spring, fertilizers must be applied to the site and, with the help of a rake, they should be planted into the ground, while the surface will level out, large clods of soil remaining after winter will be crushed.
You need to know that the soil must be supported by the activity of microorganisms throughout the growing season. This can be achieved by introducing organic matter, phosphorus and potash fertilizers into the soil. The addition of several types of nutrients involves the incorporation of one item first, and the next one a week later. The application is carried out after the snow melts, as it has a negative effect on the microflora. Fulfillment of these requirements allows you to competently carry out such an event as soil preparation. Potatoes should be planted after the soil has dried sufficiently.
If planting is carried out in too wet ground, then its friability decreases and the likelihood of nutrient loss increases. During the growth of potatoes, the air supply must also be maintained by applying hilling.
Autumn is the time of planting garlic
Autumn time is characterized not only by preparing the soil for the next season - this is the most favorable time for planting garlic and onions. The main advantages of sowing before winter:
- plants harden off naturally in winter;
- early harvest.
The optimal planting time is mid-October, but before the first frost. This time ensures that in the event of a short-term warming, the garlic does not begin to sprout prematurely.
Soil preparation should be started a month before the planned planting and include all necessary activities. First, fertilizers (humus and ash) should be applied,and then the earth is dug up. After 30 days, you can start sowing.
Choosing a drop off location
It is important to choose the right landing site. You can not plant onions and garlic in the same area every year. The most favorable place is after legumes, nightshade, cabbage. Autumn planting ensures the formation of a powerful root system, for this the depth should not exceed 5 cm. Also, bulbs or cloves should not be strongly pressed into the ground.
Autumn preparation of beds for cucumbers
Every gardener knows that in the spring there is a lot of work on the plot, so autumn soil preparation makes the task much easier. Cucumbers are very demanding on humidity and temperature. Therefore, when choosing a site, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances.
The first stage of land preparation includes treatment for possible diseases. To do this, it is necessary to "disinfect" the soil with copper sulfate, the concentration of which should be one tablespoon per 10 liters of water. A week later, compost is introduced into the soil and sealed up. In autumn, unripened compost can be used. Manure application gives good results. Soils containing sand and characterized by high acidity are considered the most optimal for growing cucumbers.
When choosing a site, crop rotation must be taken into account. The best option is considered if before that tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, onions grew on the beds. Do not plant cucumbers after zucchini, watermelons, pumpkins. This isThis is explained by the fact that these plants take the same nutrients from the soil, and are also susceptible to the same diseases and pests. The site prepared in the fall must be loosened. Until the seedlings or seeds are planted in the ground, weeds that have appeared should be regularly removed. The soil, the preparation of which is the main condition for a bountiful harvest, must be generously fertilized and loosened. The implementation of these simple rules, as well as the observance of crop rotation, allows even beginner summer residents to maintain an exemplary garden.
