The most popular "folk" fruits are pear, apple and apricot. Pear fruits were in great demand in ancient Greece. A lot of time has passed since then, but people of all ages still love her. The pear is a fruit tree of the Rosaceae family. This plant has a large number of subspecies, which are conventionally divided into varieties of early, medium and late ripening. The most famous is "Bergamot".
Many, of course, like to drink tea with the taste of bergamot, but not everyone knows what bergamot is - a pear or a citrus plant.
History
Bergamot belongs to the rue family. The origin of this fruit has a long history. It does not grow in nature, but is bred by man artificially by crossing lemon and bitter orange.
The name of the pear variety - "Bergamot" - has two versions of origin. According to the first, an exotic plant from Southeast Asia was named after the Italian city of Bergamo, in which its first plantations in Europe were located. According to the second version, the word "bergamot" in Turkish means "master's pear", because. the fruit in its appearance and shape resembles a pear. The first version of the name's history is more popularcitrus.
Pear "Bergamot": description
The name "bergamot" is often used in the name of various varieties of pears that are cultivated in Europe.
This variety is very widespread, it is grown throughout Europe. The plant is heat-loving, so it bears fruit best in subtropical conditions in open ground.
Bergamot trees are most often found in southern Italy, approximately 40% of pear varieties in Europe are found in this country. The second place - 20% - in the cultivation of bergamot is Spain. Third place - France.
In Russia, many types of pear varieties have been created and grown that are resistant to cold climates, but the Bergamot variety is not popular. Back in the days of the USSR, the variety was distributed depending on the planting area: in the western regions, the variety "Polish Bergamot" was most often grown, but it does not tolerate transportation, in the central regions - "Red", which is very tolerant of temperature extremes, in the southern regions - "Autumn Bergamot".
"Bergamot" (pear) has characteristics common to all varieties:
- tree height reaches 10m;
- fruits are round;
- branches covered with long spines;
- in spring the plant is shrouded in a cloud of fragrant flowers;
- fruits from autumn to early winter;
- high yield.
The variety is very whimsical: the trees require frequent watering.
Features
"Bergamot" (pear) - variety,which includes trees with slightly flattened fruits of a round shape, which contain a large amount of a useful substance - arbutin, which has the ability to stop inflammatory processes and prevent the development of many serious diseases.
and
This type of pear is useful for people suffering from diseases of the genitourinary system. Glorogenic acid, which is part of the fruit, has a fruitful effect on the functioning of the liver and gallbladder, provokes the outflow of bile and toxins from the body.
The fruit has a sour-bitter taste, not as sour as a lemon, but more bitter than a grapefruit. Due to its taste, it is not eaten.
Varieties
"Bergamot" (pear) has been grown for a long time, and breeders have bred a large number of varieties that correspond to the climatic conditions of a particular area. Only a small part of them is grown in Russia:
- Muscat;
- Autumn;
- Summer red;
- Volga.
The "Autumn Bergamot" variety was formed as a result of selection and is the most popular. Most often this species is found in the middle lane. The tree is vigorous, has a rare reverse pyramidal crown, the branches are located at an acute angle to the trunk, the leaves are elongated, with pointed edges.
The fruits of the "Autumn" variety are medium in size, slightly flat, rounded. Trees bear fruit in 7 years. The yield is low. The pulp is white, has a wine-sweet taste with a slightaroma. This variety is common in the B altic States and Russia.
The disadvantages of the species include: low taste of fruits, trees are afraid of low temperatures and often get sick.
Trees of the "Muscat Bergamot" variety are distinguished by dense foliage, up to 8 m high, spherical in shape with thick branches. The variety has a high yield: for the season you can harvest from one tree up to 300 kg. The flesh of the fruit is juicy and has a pleasant taste.
Pear Moscow Bergamot
The variety was bred at the Moscow State Academy. K. Timiryazev. The tree of this species has a small crown.
Fruiting occurs in the 4th year. The fruits are yellow-green in color, quite large. The pulp is juicy and dense, with a sweet and sour taste. Ripening occurs in September. Up to 20 kg can be harvested from one tree.
Variety different:
- high frost resistance;
- long flowering period;
- compact tree crown,
- fruits of large size - the weight of one reaches 150 g;
- resistance to scab and fruit rot.
The main disadvantage of this variety: in dry years or with insufficient watering, the fruits become tart and sour.
