Solid fuel heating boilers are classified as equipment intended for use in non-gasified regions, if there is no access to electrical energy and liquid fuel. At the moment, about a fifth of the market for boiler equipment is similar devices. Solid fuel heating boilers are mainly used by residents of the private sector who prefer low power equipment, approximately 30-100 kW.
Such equipment traditionally operates on wood chips, coal, coke, pellets, firewood, peat briquettes. Solid fuel heating boilers of the pyrolysis type, in addition to the listed fuels, use the gas emitted from it, containing a large amount of CO, which, when passing through the nozzle, mixes with air. As a result, the formationgas-air mixture that comes into contact with the catalyst and ignites. The main advantage of such devices is the ability to control power over a wide range, a high level of efficiency, as well as almost complete combustion of fuel with the formation of a minimum amount of ash and soot.
A solid fuel heating boiler, reviews of which can be easily found, running on wood, has a relatively low efficiency, which is at the level of 70-80%. The calorific value of different types of fuel varies, for example, for firewood this figure is less than that of coal. This parameter is usually taken into account when designing the boiler: the smaller the furnace, the more calorific material it uses. Such boilers do not support fully automatic operation, so they must be regularly loaded with fuel. Charcoal needs to be loaded every 6-8 hours and firewood every 2-3 hours.
For solid fuels, the combustion process is difficult to regulate, so it is impossible to maintain a certain temperature regime in the room. Leading manufacturers are currently trying to get rid of this disadvantage, providing greater reliability, safety and efficiency. Modern wood-burning boilers have special burners that extract energy from the fuel to the maximum. Some boilers are designed to burn fuel using burnout and burnout methods. Such systems involve smoldering firewood in the lower part of the furnace, and the final combustion of the resulting combustion products inadditional camera. Thanks to this, wood fuel burns longer and more evenly. Modern solid fuel heating boilers provide maximum heat transfer to the coolant, and in combination with high-quality thermal insulation, this allows for minimal heat loss.
Some models provide fuel supply to the boiler in automatic mode. These structures work by burning pellets - wood waste, which are pressed into pellets, the length of which is 5-70 mm, and the diameter is 6-8 mm. Their production is carried out without the use of chemicals, which makes them an environmentally friendly fuel. Such a solid fuel heating boiler, the price of which can be from 25,000 rubles or more, is much more efficient.
