To obtain a solid monolithic concrete block, the composition should be compacted by squeezing out the remaining air. Previously, for such purposes, "manual" methods were used - piercing the solution. With the development of technologies in construction, special-purpose devices appeared - vibrators for concrete.
Under the influence of waves, excess air is displaced and brought out. Be aware of the influence of weather conditions (eg temperature, humidity and even atmospheric pressure) on the quality of the material. Considering all the recommendations, you can choose the most optimal technique.
Scope of application
Portable concrete vibrators are used in many areas of construction (for example, casting, installation, erection of reinforced concrete structures, foundations, slabs, columns, etc.).
They are used to increase the strength of all existing concrete structures.
Before use, pour the mixture into the final laying mold and level it over the entire plane. Despite the high power of deepappliances, the thickness of the cement should not be more than 60 cm. Otherwise, the air from the mixture will not be completely removed.
Holding the flexible shaft, the tip slowly lowers into the concrete. The treated area should not exceed 8 centimeters per second. Pull out the tip at such a speed that the air does not have time to fill the resulting cavity.
Important! When working with fittings, avoid touching the fixture.
Varieties
In construction, various types of equipment are used, which are divided by purpose into:
- surface (used for thin mortar);
- external - used when pouring thin-walled reinforced structures;
- Deep vibrators for concrete - the most powerful, ideal for working with three-dimensional structures (for example, foundations, supports, dams, etc.).
According to the method of creating vibration waves and the power source, equipment is divided into the following types:
- Electromechanical. In such devices, vibration is emitted by converting the rotational energy of the shaft into vibrational energy.
- Pneumatic. In this case, the energy of the air is converted into vibrational waves.
- Mechanical. These concrete vibrators are equipped with a small internal combustion engine drive.
- Electromagnetic and hydraulic.
According to the speed and frequency of vibrations, all devices are divided into:
- Low frequencies. In this case, the oscillation frequency does not exceed 3500 counts/min. They are ideal for sealingcoarse-grained mixtures.
- Mid-range. Such vibrators operate at a frequency of 3.5 to 9 thousand vibrations per minute and are used for "average" concrete.
- High frequency. This type is most commonly used for fine-grained mud, and the number of vibrations per unit time is from 10 to 20 thousand.
Working principle
The most common devices - internal vibrators for concrete (electromechanical drive type) - consist of:
- flex hose;
- electric motor (power from 1 kW);
- tip.
The principle of operation is as follows: voltage is supplied to the drive from the mains. Through a flexible shaft (1 to 7 meters long) the torque is transmitted to the rotor. Vibrations from the last mechanism go to the tip (mace or bayonet).
The nozzle is presented in the form of a pipe (the material of manufacture is stainless steel, the shell is coated with a polymer). The drive ends are carefully sealed with rubber gaskets. A massive shaft rotates in the inside of the nozzle (with the help of a bearing assembly). The difference between the center of gravity of the shaft and its axis creates vibration waves. Wave frequency depends on drive power.
The most common are cylindrical and conical nozzles. The first one is designed for standard concrete, which is poured into formwork with little reinforcement.
The second one is suitable for thick reinforcement. It should be noted that the vibrator may be supplied with various typesnozzles (their diameter may also vary).
Important! The parameters of the tool should be such that working with it does not bring inconvenience. These parameters include weight, drive length, etc. If the length exceeds 1.5 meters, the device must be operated by at least two operators.
Specifications
Average instrument readings look like this:
- power consumption - 0.75 kW;
- deep vibrator voltage for concrete - 220 V;
- required current frequency - 50 Hz;
- shaft speed at a given power - about 3000 rpm;
- engine dimensions (LxHxW) - 315x76x200 mm;
- flex shaft size is about 1 meter;
- weight - from 6 to 9 kg;
- tip parameters - diameter: from 28 to 51 mm, length - 410 mm;
- oscillation frequency - about 18 thousand counts/min.;
- driving force - from 0.72 to 3.28 kN.
For domestic needs, it will be enough to choose a device with a power of 750-1500 watts. For production - 3-4 kW or more.
The most budgetary vibrators have a drive length of 1 to 1.5 meters. More expensive models are used to work with complex products. In such a shaft can be from 6 to 15 meters long.
Advantages and disadvantages
Key benefits include excellent performance and:
- ease of use and maintenance;
- light weight;
- possibility of smooth adjustment of the oscillation frequency;
- high reliability;
- excellent concrete quality after applicationtool.
The disadvantages are:
- high cost;
- in designs with a built-in frequency converter, the electric drive is built into the working tip, so if the safety precautions or the integrity of the device are violated, it is possible to get an electric shock. It is worth noting that the requirements for connecting a vibrator for concrete 220 V.
If you plan to work at a large enterprise, it is better to choose professional tools. They wear out more slowly and have better performance.
Concrete vibrator overview
Among the most popular models are the following:
- "Energomash BV-71101". This device is designed to work at a depth of up to 1 meter. Power comes from a 230 V network. At the same time, the power of the internal vibrator is 1 kW. The number of vibrations is 4000 counts/min. The length of the power cord is 2 meters. It is also worth noting the small weight of the device - 1 kg 950 g. A distinctive feature is the D-shaped handle. Also, the device is protected from increased loads. On the case there is a lock of the power button.
- BauMaster CV-7110. This internal vibrator is designed to work with a solution 1 meter thick. Tip diameter - 35 mm. The scope of delivery includes carbon brushes and the flexible shaft itself. Power is supplied from the mains 230 V, and the power of the device is 1000 W.
- Titan BEV600 is popular for working at greater depths (up to 1.5 meters). Despite the low power of the engine (only 600 W),the device can withstand long-term loads without problems. For power, you need a network with a voltage of 230 V.
- The budget option is the Stark CV-850 Industrial. To work, you need a network of 220 watts. The vibrator for concrete produces 13 thousand vibrations per minute with a power of 850 watts. Among the negative characteristics is the absence of a flexible shaft in the delivery set.
- Honker HP-ECVE became in demand for construction work. This internal vibrator has the same characteristics as above. A distinctive feature is the set of nozzles included - their diameter is adjustable from 32 to 45 mm.
How to choose the right technique
When choosing this type of construction equipment, consider:
- Power. Selected depending on the upcoming work and destination.
- Vibration frequency of the working tip. For fine-grained concrete, a high-frequency device is suitable. Low oscillation amplitude together with high frequency will achieve the best effect. For home use, a portable vibrator with a medium vibration frequency will be ideal.
- Weight of fixture. The handheld device can be operated without additional assistance. Also, the hand tool is compact and easy to transport. The average weight of such a device is 6 kg. Larger rigs used by construction crews can weigh up to 100kg and require an entire crew to service.
- When selecting, you should also pay attention to the length of the working part and its diameter. Depending on the purpose, you can choosetip with a diameter of 25 to 110 mm.
- When pouring deep formwork, add 1 meter to the main shaft length.
According to the rotation frequency, you can choose both a special and a universal vibrator. The first is designed for a specific type of concrete (depending on the size of the fractions), and the second has the ability to switch from one frequency to another.
How to make your own
Almost any tool can be made by hand. The concrete vibrator is no exception. It can be designed on the basis of a hammer drill or drill. A cable can serve as a drive.
To make the nozzle you will need:
- Steel pipe (diameter 5.5 cm, wall thickness 1.5 mm). The required pipe length is 50 cm.
- Pair of 52mm roller bearings.
- Cable 1 meter long and 1.5 cm in diameter.
- Iron cap (for pipe plug).
- Square rod (necessarily metal). At the same time, its length must be at least 40 cm, and the width of the side must be 2.5 cm.
- Metal circle with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 55 cm.
- PVC pipe sleeve. The length must match the cable size.
To bring the shaft into working condition, it is required to weld a rod with a square section along the entire length to the rod. The distance from the edge (under the bearing) must be at least 15 mm.
Assembling a vibrator for concrete with your own hands is done in the following order:
- The working shaft is inserted into the pipe, then bearings are stuffed onto it. Roller bearings must be completely inside the pipe. You can check the correct installation by turning the shaft manually.
- Next, the end of the working tube is sealed with a cap and sealant.
- At the opposite end, make a hole with a diameter of 1.5 cm and fix the cable in it. For fastening, it is necessary to drill a hole on the opposite side for the clamping screw.
- After the performed operations, a sleeve is put on the cable and the working end of the pipe. In this case, all connections should be made with an interference fit. The connection is reinforced with ties (for example, a clamp).
- The opposite end of the cable is attached to the drive chuck (drill or puncher).
After the work is completed, the tool is ready for operations.
Important! In order to protect the body from the negative effects of the solution, you can put on a cover made of rubber material.
Rules for the use of technology
To make the most efficient use of the high frequency concrete vibrator, please adhere to the following requirements:
- Immerse the working part of the tool to the maximum depth under the slope.
- In one place, the device is held for about 20-30 seconds (until a characteristic cement laitance appears on the surface).
- Retrieve the working part slowly and smoothly.
- Transfer to a neighboring place should be no more than 1.5 range (depending on power).
- The frequency of concrete hardening depends on the thickness of the structure. For example, for highbuildings, compaction is carried out every 1.5 meters in width.
- It is not worth overdoing the recommended operating time. This can lead to deterioration of the quality of concrete and equipment failure.
When safety measures are observed, labor intensity is significantly reduced and the quality of the finished product is improved.
It is also necessary to carefully monitor the level of oil and lubrication of the working parts of the vibrator for concrete. The frequency of replacement of these materials depends on the design of the vibrotip. On average, the oil is changed every 200 to 400 hours of operation.
Important! Pendulum nozzles must be free of any lubricants.
When the temperature rises at the tips of the flexible shafts, the wire drive should be lubricated. The selection of materials and the rules for caring for equipment are described in detail in the instructions from the manufacturer.
Construction vibrator for concrete. User Reviews
- Energomash BV-71100 is considered to be a budget popular option. It is suitable for private use. Works from a network of 220 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. Rotation speed (excluding load) - 4000 rpm. Shaft length - standard, 1 meter. Among the advantages - low cost, high reliability. Also, users note that finding spare parts for this brand will not be a problem.
- Among domestic manufacturers, the concrete vibrator "Mayak" is popular. The advantages of this device are: a wide range of sizes of the working part(the length of the shaft can be from 1 to 3 meters). Power is supplied from the mains at 220 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. The number of revolutions is from 11520 to 18780 min -1. Power consumption is low - from 1.4 to 1.9 kW.
- The Makita cordless vibrator series also deserves positive feedback from users. It is noted that the device is ergonomic, works smoothly at a sufficient depth (up to 1.2 meters). Designed for professional work. Among the negative points is the high cost.
- Concrete vibrator Sturm. A portable device will become indispensable in production. Among the advantages are: the reliability of the flexible shaft, high drive power and a convenient tip. The tool is somewhat heavier than similar ones - 5 kg. Also, users note that the price of the vibrator and accessories for it is high.
- Wacker Neuson IREN 38. The all-round tool is ideal for working with concrete of any quality. The high oscillation frequency (12,000 min -1) speeds up the processing of the solution. Among the shortcomings are: high cost and heavy weight (10.5 kg).
Among the many models, the most suitable one can be chosen only after carefully studying their purpose, characteristics and user reviews. It is also worth considering the number of operators, volumes and conditions of work.
