Floors in country houses, city apartments and offices can be made from different materials. In most cases, they are collected, of course, from boards. However, such floors, unfortunately, are not particularly durable. The plank covering begins to creak, dry out, rot over time and needs to be replaced. Therefore, in recent years, other, more modern types of flooring have been increasingly installed in residential and administrative premises.
What is a monolithic floor
Such coatings are very popular today and can be equipped in rooms for various purposes. There are several types of such floors. In particular, the arrangement of such a coating can be a good solution for rooms with high traffic. They call monolithic solid floors that do not have seams over their entire area.
Classification
The most common type of monolithic floor is, of course, concrete screed. These coatings are strong and durable. However, unfortunately, concrete is a material with a high degree of thermal conductivity. In residentialindoors, walking on such a floor without additional finishing or the use of special heating systems will most likely not be very comfortable. Therefore, concrete screeds are usually poured only in various utility and industrial premises. These can be, for example:
- ground floors of country houses;
- garages;
- outbuildings;
- sheds;
- workshops and warehouses.
Very often, concrete monolithic floors are poured in baths. In this case, they are laid in the direction of the drain and sheathed on top with a board or pasted over with tiles.
In residential premises, however, monolithic floors are more often poured, not concrete, but:
- liquid;
- xylolite.
Another type of such seamless coatings are asph alt. Such floors are equipped, of course, only at manufacturing enterprises - in workshops, warehouses, etc. Mosaic floors are also a fairly common type of monolithic floors. Such coatings are distinguished by an attractive appearance and a high degree of durability. The floors of this variety are usually poured in public places with a high degree of traffic.
Materials for concrete screed
On the upper floors such a floor is poured on a monolithic slab, on the first floor a crushed stone layer is poured under it. The solution for such coatings can be used both purchased ready-made and mixed with your own hands. In the latter case, concretescreeds are usually prepared from the following components:
- cement grade M400;
- river screened sand;
- rubble not too large fraction.
In order for the floors to last as long as possible, they are reinforced with steel bars when pouring.
The owners of suburban areas in the construction of one-story buildings most often equip the so-called monolithic floor on the ground. Such structures are usually poured when the building is erected on a strip foundation. In this case, the soil is first compacted, and then they are laid on it sequentially:
- gravel-sand mixture layer;
- water proofer;
- dense styrofoam boards;
- vapor barrier.
At the final stage, the monolithic floor screed itself is poured.
Design and calculation
Such floors, like any others, are equipped, of course, taking into account the norms of SNiP. Too thick concrete screed in the premises in most cases is not done. The only exceptions in this regard are mainly truck garages and workshops with heavy machines.
In warehouses, in private garages, in sheds and bathhouses, in most cases, not too thick screed is poured. This allows you to save on material and at the same time equip a fairly reliable coating. The minimum allowable thickness of concrete screed, according to SNiP standards, is 3 cm.
Calculatethe amount of materials required to fill such a floor will not be particularly difficult. Sand, cement and gravel in the manufacture of mortar for such a floor are usually mixed in a ratio of 1:3:4. In this way, you can get a not too expensive and at the same time a fairly high-quality mixture.
The main cost item for pouring concrete screed falls on cement. Gravel and sand are relatively inexpensive and are usually purchased by machines. The cost of a ton of such material in most cases does not exceed 100-200 rubles. The body of a ZIL car, for example, usually includes about 6-7 tons of bulk cargo. That is, you will have to pay a maximum of 1500 rubles for such an amount of material. In a household, for pouring a screed, 6-7 tons of sand will most likely be more than enough for almost any building.
M400 brand cement costs about 250-350 rubles. for a bag of 50 kg. For 1 liter of the finished solution, it takes about 1.5 kg. That is, about 33 liters of solution can be prepared from the bag. For a 3 cm screed with an area of 1 m2 it takes about 20-25 liters of the mixture. That is, in this case, you will have to pay about 200 rubles for cement. Knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, it will not be particularly difficult to calculate the required amount for pouring cement screed and its cost.
Finish
Concrete monolithic floors look, of course, not very attractive. Therefore, they are usually issued additionally. In garages, concrete screeds are most often simply covered with rubber. In industrial premises, floors of this type are in most cases painted. In this case, alkyd or epoxy paints are used.
In outbuildings and residential premises, the screed is in most cases finished with tiles or porcelain stoneware. In this case, a special adhesive is used. Sometimes wooden coverings are also equipped over monolithic floors of this type. At the same time, the lags to the screed are attached to the anchors.
Original design ideas: polishing and ornaments
The easiest way to finish such a surface, of course, is to finish it with tiles or wood. But if you wish, you can design monolithic floors of this type in a more original way. For example, in a loft-style living room, such floors can be given a polished look.
In order to get this effect, the screed is pre-treated with a special sealant, and then carefully polished. Such floors look not only beautiful, but also very original, modern and stylish.
The polished concrete screed can also be applied with different kinds of patterns, for example, floral or geometric ornaments, in order to give it an even more attractive appearance. Such a floor will become a real decoration of an apartment decorated in almost any style.
Calculation of self-leveling floors
Coatings of this variety are great also for living quarters. The installation of monolithic floors of this type is more expensive than concrete ones. However, they look more attractive and are easy to install.
Calculation of the self-leveling floor, since such a coating is quite expensive, of course, you need to do it right. Filling layer thicknessmaybe not too big. Usually this indicator depends on the degree of curvature of the rough coating. The stronger the differences in the base, the thicker the coating will be in the future.
Calculation of bulk floors is made according to the following scheme:
- the area of the room is determined;
- using the level, taking into account all the irregularities, the required coating thickness is calculated;
- taking into account the consumption per 1 m2 for self-leveling floor from one or another manufacturer, the required amount of material is calculated.
For 1 mm of the thickness of such a monolithic floor, in most cases, about 1.5 kg of dry mix is taken.
How to choose quality material
When buying a mixture for a self-leveling floor, you should first of all pay attention, of course, to who exactly it was released. The German compositions of this type of the Knauf brand are the most popular in our country. Also, according to consumers, self-leveling floors of the Vetonit brand are simply excellent performance. In these mixtures, their manufacturer adds special additives to increase resistance to cracking.
Of the domestic compositions, the material of the Horizont brand deserved the best reviews from consumers. Such mixtures for self-leveling floors are relatively inexpensive and at the same time allow you to fill the coating with excellent performance.
What can be the design of bulk coatings
Unlike simple concrete floors, floors of this type in additional decoration are usuallydont need. In utility rooms, such coatings are usually poured using cheap mixtures and are gray in color. In living rooms and public spaces, special decorative compositions of this variety are used.
After drying, the bulk surface may remain glossy or become matte. The shades of the mixture for arranging such coatings are also different. In particular, 3D self-leveling floors look beautiful. In this case, some pattern is preliminarily applied to the screed. The second layer of coating is poured using a transparent solution.
How to make monolithic floors: using marble-concrete mix
Such coverage, as already mentioned, is mainly arranged only in public places, on terraces and playgrounds. The main advantage of mosaic floors is their aesthetic appearance. Mixtures for such surfaces are made using marble chips and concrete.
Coverings of this type can be built on crushed stone or, for example, a slab monolithic foundation. The floor of this variety is distinguished primarily by increased strength.
Such coatings usually have a layered structure. At the same time:
- the first layer of the floor is represented by a rough concrete screed;
- top decorative layer is made of concrete-marble mix.
Calculations of materials for the arrangement of floors of this type are made taking into account the fact that the thickness of the lower screed in this case can be equal to 20-35 mm, the upperdecorative layer - 15-25 mm.
In addition to aesthetic appeal and an exceptional degree of strength, the advantages of such surfaces include long service life and wear resistance. This is why mosaic flooring is considered an option that is just perfect for public spaces with very high traffic.
Xylolite surfaces
Monolithic floors of this type can be installed both in residential and public or industrial premises. They are not mounted only in buildings with high humidity.
It is also undesirable to use this type of finish on the ground floor of a private house, even on the basement monolithic floor. The floor of this variety in conditions of high humidity will not last long. In any case, on the ground floor, before pouring such a coating, you should definitely equip the highest quality waterproofing.
The mixture for pouring the floor in this case is made from sawdust and special chemicals (caustic magnesite, magnesium sulfate). Such coatings, like mosaic ones, usually have a two-layer structure. But in this case, sawdust composition is used for both the lower and upper coatings.
The advantage of this type of floors is, among other things, the fact that they can be poured on the surface of any kind. In different situations, such a floor can be laid on a monolithic slab, boards, stone, or even, for example, cardboard.
Calculation of the necessary materials for this type of floormade taking into account the fact that the thickness of the bottom layer of the finished coating in this case should be equal to 10-12 mm, and the top - 8-10 mm.
