When assembling the box of any building, only two main types of structures are erected: walls and partitions. Both of these elements perform the function of fencing the premises of the house. Partitions at the same time have a smaller thickness and are not supports for the roof and floors of the building. Such structures are not subjected to any horizontal loads.
Although structurally partitions are less important elements of a building than walls, of course, they should be approached with all responsibility. The norms of SNiP during the construction of such structures must be observed exactly. This also applies to the most solid brick partitions.
Project
Before you start building a brick structure that divides the house into zones, you should, of course, draw up a detailed drawing of it. When developing a project for the construction of a partition, you will need to decide:
- with thickness design;
- placedoorway location;
- by the method of erecting the supporting structure.
It will also be necessary, of course, to determine in advance the amount of brick and mortar needed, while calculating the upcoming costs.
What should be the thickness of the structure
Dimensions of interior partitions are usually small. After all, the main function of such structures is precisely the zoning of space. That is, it is simply impractical to build a too thick brick partition in the house.
According to the norms of SNiP, the thickness of such structures should be such that they provide sound insulation of the premises by 40-50 dB. A brick is capable of absorbing sounds, as you know, not very well. To comply with this condition, most likely, it will be quite enough to lay out a brick partition, the thickness of which will be at least 10 cm. In most cases, such structures are erected by the half-brick method. This allows you to build a high-quality partition with a thickness of 12 cm. This is the width of a standard brick.
Opening
The place under the door in a brick partition when drafting a project is chosen, of course, first of all, guided by the features of the building layout and the convenience of the people living in it. It is not necessary, for example, to place the door in the partition opposite the window. This is fraught with the appearance of strong drafts in the future. It is undesirable to equip doors, including in partitions, opposite the furnace furnaces.
The opening itself in the brick zoningstructures can be rectangular or arched. In most cases, homeowners provide doors of the first type in partitions. Arched openings give the wall an attractive and original look and in most cases are not even covered with canvas. But only an experienced bricklayer can lay out such a door in a partition according to all the rules.
The most popular rectangular doorways in partitions are usually 0.6-0.8 m wide. In heavy solid zoning structures, four bricks are most often left under the opening, the standard length of which is 25 cm. In this case, after installing the box, the width of the door will decrease to the required 60-80 cm.
What to lean on
The weight of a brick partition, despite the fact that they do not differ in large thickness, is significant. Therefore, they need to be built on a reliable support. Most often, interior partitions are built on foundations. However, this assembly method can only be used during the construction phase of the building. The foundation for the partition must be erected simultaneously with the foundation of the house itself. In the future, it will not be possible to fill it according to the standards. This can lead to the destruction of the already existing foundation of the house.
In finished buildings, brick partitions can only be laid on thick concrete floors. If the coverings in the house are wooden, its owners will need to think about pouring screeds under them or about arranging not brick, but shield or plasterboard partitions in the house. The last type of structures can be erected on boards without additional support.
Which masonry material to choose
Of course, the owners of houses who decide to divide it into separate rooms are also interested in what kind of brick partitions it is most expedient to build. Most often, such structures are built, of course, from hollow material. This choice is primarily due to the fact that the partitions are not subjected to loads during operation. And therefore, they, of course, do not need excessive strength with an increase in the cost of construction.
Besides, a hollow brick weighs less than a solid one. Accordingly, such a partition will not exert too much load on the support. Another advantage of structures built from such bricks is the best degree of sound insulation.
Sometimes solid material is also used for the construction of zoning structures in houses. However, such a stone is used for the construction of partitions, usually only in wet rooms. For example, a good solution would be to lay out a brick partition of this variety in the bath or in the sauna. Solid material is less hygroscopic than hollow material. Therefore, in a humid room, a partition erected from it can last much longer.
Masonry Mortar
Erect partitions in 1/2 bricks using cement mixtures. These can be either purchased formulations or prepared independently. In the latter case, cement grades from M300 are taken to mix the solution. The sand must first be sieved. Also added to the solutionsome lime. This ingredient allows you to make the mixture more plastic, and therefore more convenient to use. Sand for the preparation of masonry mortar can be used both river and quarry. The main thing is that it does not contain all sorts of organic inclusions, stones and debris.
Knead the composition intended for the construction of the partition, as carefully as possible. Water should be added to it so much that the mixture does not crumble into pieces and at the same time does not spread.
Material calculation
It will not be difficult to determine the amount of brick required for the construction of an interior partition. To do this, the length of the shared room must be multiplied by its height. As a result, you can get the area of \u200b\u200bthe future partition. From this parameter, you will need to subtract the area of the doorway. The calculation of the required amount of material is done based on the fact that the standard dimensions of one brick are 120x250x65 mm.
When performing calculations, of course, the thickness of the seams is also taken into account. For example, for a partition 5 m long and 2.5 m high, laid out in half a brick, with a doorway of 1x2 m, 558 bricks will be needed. This amount of material will need to be purchased with a seam width in the masonry of 8 mm.
Assemble partitions in most cases, as already mentioned, from hollow bricks. The cost of such material in different regions may not be the same. But in most cases, the price for 1 brick of this variety is on average 10 r. That is, laying a partition of such an areaexcluding finishing will cost the owners of the house 5580 rubles. It certainly isn't too expensive.
Building a partition: the main stages
The foundation must be waterproofed before the construction of such a structure. This operation is performed using roofing material and bituminous mastic. On the concrete floor, before the construction of the partition, markings are made according to its thickness. Further, notches are knocked out in the material and the floor is poured abundantly with water.
Brick partitions are being laid according to standard technology with bandaging and jointing. The first row is first laid out dry. When distributing bricks, take into account the fact that the thickness of the seams in the interior partitions, according to the SNiP standards, should not exceed 12 cm. The bricks of the first row should be laid dry from the edges of the doorway towards the walls.
When erecting a partition, among other things, it is recommended to reinforce the masonry. In this case, the grid is supposed to be inserted in every 4-5 row. In order for the masonry to be even, when erecting a partition, be sure to use a mooring cord and a plumb line.
If the partition is supposed to be plastered at the final stage, it is allowed not to do the jointing during its construction. Such a procedure is carried out without fail, usually only when laying zoning structures made of decorative or facing bricks. Such partitions are subsequently not finished with a finishing material. Facing and decorative brick itself looks quite aesthetically pleasing. The only thing is that such material usually costs a little more.
Mounting to walls
Partitions do not have corners in most cases. Therefore, they are unstable structures. Therefore, when erecting a brick partition, it is necessary to fasten it to the walls. This procedure is usually carried out using reinforcing bars. The latter are driven into the load-bearing walls and at the same time the partitions are embedded in the masonry. Sometimes fastening is also carried out using corners of a special design. One part of such elements is fastened with screws to the wall, and the second part is embedded in the masonry of the partition.
Design methods
At the final stage, the erected structure will, of course, need to be finished. They do not require additional design, as already mentioned, only partitions erected from decorative or facing bricks. Such original structures are usually built in loft-style houses.
In all other cases, brick partitions are finished without fail. In this case, first of all, such structures, of course, are plastered. In dry rooms, gypsum mixtures can be used for this purpose, in wet rooms - only cement.
Sometimes, instead of plastering, brick walls are sheathed with plasterboard sheets. This method allows you to get guaranteed perfectly flat surfaces, which, in turn, has the most positive effect on the appearance of the shared premises of the house.
At the final stage, brick partitions canissued using:
- wallpaper;
- decorative plaster;
- plastic panels;
- linings.
The last two types of material are mounted on partitions on a frame assembled from a metal profile.
Original ideas
In addition to popular inexpensive materials, such designs in country houses can also be designed using, for example:
- rack, tile, sheet panels;
- tension walls;
- 3 D panels.
Extraordinarily impressive on solid interior partitions made of brick, as well as on the walls, a flexible stone or, for example, leather looks. If the owners of the house do not want to spend much money on the design of the zoning structure, of course, it can simply be plastered and painted with water-dispersion or any other building paint. Such a partition will look especially beautiful if it is pre-finished with decorative plaster on top of the usual one.
