Any buildings, including country houses, are built, of course, on the foundation. There are several types of building foundations. The main advantage of the columnar foundation is considered to be low cost and ease of pouring. Also, the advantage of such foundations of houses is a long service life.
Further in the article, we will consider how the columnar foundation is poured step by step. In principle, the construction of such a structure does not represent anything complicated. However, certain technologies during its construction must, of course, be observed.
What is
The foundation of this type can be erected both under residential buildings, and under outbuildings or small architectural forms. The structural elements of the column base are:
- support pillars;
- grillage.
The main load from the house in such a foundation is, of course, precisely the vertical supports. When erecting them, one should strictly adhere to all the required technologies.
Rollage in the construction of a columnar foundationresponsible for the distribution of the load from the building on the pillars. In houses of various shapes, this element can be assembled from different materials. In wooden buildings, the role of the grillage is usually played by the crown crown. In concrete buildings, this element is most often a tape filled with cement mortar.
Where it can be used
The column foundation is the cheapest type of building foundation. Its construction, in most cases, is very inexpensive. However, in terms of reliability, other types of foundations, unfortunately, are somewhat inferior. It is far from always possible to fill such a base under a house or outbuilding.
Establish columnar foundations only:
- under fairly light buildings - with walls made of timber or logs, or foam concrete;
- on fairly solid ground.
Basic requirements
When designing a building with a column foundation, the following important points should be considered:
- base pillars must be located at all corners of the house, as well as at the intersections of walls;
- along the length of future facades, the pillars are placed in increments of at least 1.5 m;
- above the soil surface, the pillars of the foundation should be located at a height of at least 30 cm.
It is not necessary to deepen the columnar foundation into the ground too much. Foundations with supports installed below the freezing of the soil are already called pile. Columnar structures are usually deepened by no more than 70-100see
To erect columnar foundations under houses with your own hands, step-by-step instructions prescribe only on a flat surface. On steep slopes, other types of such structures are supposed to be poured.
The cross section of the supports of such a base can be both square and round. At the same time, structures of the second variety are most often poured in suburban areas. The calculation of the columnar foundation of a private house is made according to the following formula:
S=1, 3×P/R0, where:
- S - total sectional area of the pillars;
- P - weight of the house together with the foundation in kg;
- R0 - resistance of bearing soil.
The last indicator is determined by special tables.
Calculation of the columnar foundation of a country building is, in principle, a simple matter. But, in any case, the cross section of each pillar of such a base should not be less than 200 mm. Most often, 30-50 cm supports are poured under private houses.
What tools and materials will be required
In order to build a columnar foundation with your own hands, you need to prepare:
- Portland cement brand not lower than M 400;
- well-sifted coarse river sand;
- reinforcing bar with a section of 8 mm;
- roofing material;
- tie wire;
- boards for grillage formwork.
From the tools you will need:
- concrete mixer;
- shovel and buckets;
- garden cart.
Mix the cement mortar for the columnar foundation, as well asfor any other, it is best in a concrete mixer. The reliability of the foundation of the building directly depends on the life of its further service. Therefore, only the highest quality cement mortar should be used for pouring a columnar structure.
In a concrete mixer, the mixture intended for the construction of supports and grillage is as homogeneous as possible, which makes it possible to build very strong pillars. However, if there is no such equipment, it is possible to prepare a solution, of course, in a large trough with a shovel. But in this case, the components should also be mixed as thoroughly as possible.
Prepare a concrete mortar for a columnar foundation in the proportion of cement/sand/crushed stone as 1/3/4.
Performing markup
This operation is performed using pegs and cord. First, determine where the corners of the house will be in the future. Then, using the method of the Egyptian triangle or two curves, markup is performed by driving pegs into the ground and pulling a cord between them. At the final stage, the corners are checked by measuring the diagonals.
Stages of erecting a columnar foundation
Construction of the foundation of a country house of this design includes several stages:
- Markup.
- Dig a hole.
- Installation of reinforcement and formwork.
- Pouring concrete mix.
At each stage of the construction of such structures, of course, all the required technologies must be strictly observed.
Pouring a columnar foundation: step by stepinstructions
Poles of rather large section are usually installed under residential buildings. In this case, holes are dug under them using a shovel. Recesses for pouring small-section supports are made using a drill.
Instruction:
Step 1. At the bottom of the pits, sand is first poured with a layer of 15 cm. The resulting shock-absorbing pillow is rammed with water from a hose. A layer of crushed stone 20 cm is poured over the sand and it is also compacted.
Step 2. Formwork is installed in the pits. For massive pillars of square section, at the same time, boards and plywood are used. Formwork for round supports is made in most cases from roofing felt.
Step 3. Next, fittings are installed in each pit. It is impossible to fill the pillars without it. Otherwise, in the future they will not last long. The reinforcement for the foundation pillars is made using four 8 mm rods, by intercepting them with thick steel wire clamps.
Step 4. The pillars are filled with concrete mix. To make the supports subsequently reliable, the solution, when laying in the formwork, is pierced from time to time with a shovel or rod to remove air bubbles.
Filling grillage
The instruction for the columnar foundation prescribes to build with reinforcement not only supports, but also the grillage. To connect all the frames into a single structure, a simple technology is used.
The reinforcement rods of the supports at the end of the pouring work should rise 20 cm above their surface. This is necessary to connect the frame of the pillars with the reinforcementgrillage. This element itself is poured into a pre-knocked wooden formwork with a bottom. Also, sometimes the form for the grillage is equipped with a slightly different technology.
In this case, the formwork walls are also made of wooden panels. The bottom is not stuffed into the form. Instead, a mound of earth is poured under the formwork, which, after pouring, is simply scattered. But to use such technology, of course, it is advisable only if the foundation supports do not rise too high above the ground.
The grillage of the columnar base of the house is poured as follows:
Step 1. A reinforcing cage is installed in the formwork on bars 5 cm thick.
Step 2. Tie it to the frame of the pillars.
Step 3. The concrete mixture is poured into the mold.
The metal frame for grillages of columnar foundations is usually used in two rows. With the armature of the pillars, it is associated with the use of wire. The frame is installed so that it is located at a distance of 5 cm from the walls of the formwork and from the top of the future tape.
Features of mounting a column-and-strip design
Such a foundation is usually equipped in areas with a significant depth of soil freezing. The construction of a strip foundation in this case is considered inappropriate. After all, the material for pouring the structure to a great depth will have to be used unreasonably much.
Structurally, the column-strip foundation consists of:
- supports buried in the ground, usually square;
- concrete tape embedded insoil by 30-40 cm.
The foundation of this type is being built almost according to the same technology as the foundation with grillage:
- marking is being carried out and a trench is being dug under the tape;
- in the corners of the trench and along its length with a step of 1.5-2 m, holes are dug under the pillars;
- a sand cushion is poured and formwork is installed;
- reinforcing cages are installed in pits and poles and connected to each other;
At the final stage, the concrete mixture is poured. After a couple of days, the formwork is removed from the finished column-strip foundation.
Other types of column bases
Most often, structures of this type are poured, of course, from concrete. However, columnar foundations can be erected using other materials. For example, under various kinds of buildings, similar foundations are often equipped using pipes.
Under small structures, such as gazebos or verandas, brick columnar foundations are sometimes also erected. With proper installation, both of these types of bases can also be quite reliable.
Building brick pillars
Thus, the most inexpensive and at the same time reliable supporting structure is considered to be a concrete column foundation. The step-by-step technology for pouring such a base was discussed by us above in all details. But what are the rules for the construction of brick columnar foundations? Such structures are also assembled using a rather simple technology.
Onin the bottom of the holes dug under the supports, in this case, a concrete cushion about 20 cm thick is first poured in. Then they proceed to the actual masonry. It is allowed to use only ceramic solid bricks for the construction of supports of such a foundation. Silicate cannot be used for this purpose.
One row of pillars of such a foundation is laid out from 4 bricks. Every 4-5 rows, the support is covered from above with a reinforcing mesh. A rod is first inserted into the center of the column to be laid out, and then concrete is poured.
Pipe foundation
Establishing such a base is also a fairly simple procedure. The assembly of a columnar foundation from pipes looks like this:
- holes are made in the ground with a drill;
- sand is poured on their bottom;
- install pipes in pits;
- fill them with concrete from the outside in order to give them stability;
- concrete is poured inside the pipes.
At the final stage, sheet metal pads are welded onto the pipes, on which the grillage will subsequently rest.
Now you know how to build a columnar foundation with your own hands. Step by step instructions are provided in the article.
