There are many design options for buildings; depending on the purpose of the structure, different load-bearing elements are used - walls, columns, or both at the same time.
Wireframe construction diagram
In the case of a frame building, only columns are used as load-bearing elements, and walls are exclusively dividing and enclosing structures. They can be both prefabricated (panel) and monolithic, but in any case, no load will be transferred to them, except for their own weight. But the columns must be well chosen in order to withstand not only their own weight, but the weight of all elements located above, as well as snow, wind, dynamic and short-term loads. As a rule, such a design scheme is used in industrial buildings, where overhead and overhead cranes are often used, equipment that creates significant dynamic loads, so the foundation for the column must be calculated with special attention and care.
Which foundation to choose
Foundation options existset, however, in the case of a frame structural scheme, the tape one can be discarded immediately. Therefore, you need to choose which foundation for the column will be optimal for your building: columnar, pile or slab.
The choice depends on the type of your building, its geometric parameters, purpose, type of soil on the construction site, as well as the presence or absence of groundwater. After evaluating all the factors, you can proceed to the choice of the foundation and its calculations.
Column and pile foundations
The columnar foundation for a column is an economical solution: there is no unnecessary material costs, and the strength of the structure is fully ensured. However, this option is good if the soil has a high bearing capacity, otherwise the columnar foundation will not be enough. In addition, columnar foundations for columns are a convenient option for a small building, a small house, a cottage with a frame structural scheme, but if we are talking about a large industrial building, a more reliable and stable foundation should be preferred. For these purposes, a pile foundation is suitable: in addition to being installed on solid rocks, it is less prone to shear or roll, so it can be loaded much more than other types of foundation. By the way, it is the pile foundation that is used in the construction of high-rise buildings.
Slab foundation
When the agenda is the construction of a small structure withframe scheme, and the soils are classified as reliable, you can use monolithic foundations for columns. In this case, the load transferred from the columns to the base will be distributed evenly over the entire slab. The advantage of the slab foundation is that when using it, the possibility of subsidence of one or more columns is excluded, which is fraught with the distortion of the entire building. If, for some reason, a slab foundation is chosen, but the reliability of the soil is questioned, the foundation for the column can be reinforced with piles installed under the slab.
