An individual heating point is a whole complex of devices located in a separate room, including elements of thermal equipment. It provides connection to the heating network of these units, their transformation, control of heat consumption modes, operability, distribution by types of heat carrier consumption and regulation of its parameters.
Heat point individual
A thermal installation servicing a building or its individual parts is an individual heating point, or ITP for short. It is designed to provide hot water supply, ventilation and heat to residential buildings, housing and communal services, as well as industrial complexes.
For its operation, you will need to connect to the water and heat system, as well as the electricity supply necessary to activate the circulation pumpequipment.
Small individual heating point can be used in a single-family house or a small building connected directly to the district heating network. Such equipment is designed for space heating and water heating.
A large individual heating point serves large or multi-apartment buildings. Its power ranges from 50 kW to 2 MW.
Main Tasks
Individual heating point provides the following tasks:
- Accounting for heat and coolant consumption.
- Protection of the heat supply system from an emergency increase in coolant parameters.
- Turn off the heating system.
- Uniform distribution of the coolant throughout the heat consumption system.
- Regulation and control of the parameters of the circulating fluid.
- Conversion of the type of coolant.
Benefits
- High efficiency.
- Many years of operation of an individual heating point has shown that modern equipment of this type, unlike other non-automated processes, consumes 30% less heat energy.
- Operating costs are reduced by approximately 40-60%.
- The choice of the optimal mode of heat consumption and precise adjustment will reduce the loss of heat energy by up to 15%.
- Quiet operation.
- Compact.
- Dimensional dimensions of modern heating points are directly related to the heat load. With compact placement, an individual heating point withload up to 2 Gcal/hour covers an area of 25-30 m2.
- Possibility of location of this device in the basement of small-sized premises (both existing and newly built buildings).
- The work process is fully automated.
- This heating equipment does not require highly qualified personnel to maintain.
- ITP (individual heating point) provides indoor comfort and guarantees efficient energy saving.
- Ability to set the mode, focusing on the time of day, apply the weekend and holiday mode, as well as carry out weather compensation.
- Custom made according to customer requirements.
Heat energy metering
The basis of energy saving measures is the metering device. This accounting is required to perform calculations for the amount of consumed thermal energy between the heat supply company and the subscriber. After all, very often the estimated consumption is much higher than the actual one due to the fact that when calculating the load, heat energy suppliers overestimate their values, referring to additional costs. Such situations can be avoided by installing metering devices.
Appointment of metering devices
- Ensuring fair financial settlements between consumers and energy suppliers.
- Documentation of heating system parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate.
- Control over rationalusing the grid.
- Control of the hydraulic and thermal operation of the heat consumption and heat supply system.
Classic metering scheme
- Heat energy meter.
- Manometer.
- Thermometer.
- Thermal converter in the return and supply pipelines.
- Primary flow converter.
- Mesh filter.
Maintenance
- Connecting a reader and then taking readings.
- Analysis of errors and finding out the reasons for their occurrence.
- Checking the integrity of seals.
- Analysis of results.
- Checking process indicators, as well as comparing thermometer readings on the supply and return pipelines.
- Adding oil to the sleeves, cleaning the filters, checking the ground contacts.
- Remove dirt and dust.
- Recommendations for the proper operation of internal heating networks.
Scheme of the heat substation
The classic ITP scheme includes the following nodes:
- Commissioning of the heating network.
- Metering device.
- Connecting the ventilation system.
- Connecting the heating system.
- Hot water connection.
- Coordination of pressure between heat consumption and heat supply systems.
- Feeding independently connected heating and ventilation systems.
When developing a project for a heating point, mandatory nodesare:
- Metering device.
- Pressure matching.
- Commissioning of the heating network.
Package with other nodes, as well as their number is selected depending on the design decision.
Consumption systems
The standard scheme of an individual heat point can have the following systems for providing thermal energy to consumers:
- Heating.
- Hot water supply.
- Heating and hot water.
- Heating, hot water and ventilation.
ITP for heating
ITP (individual heating point) - an independent scheme, with the installation of a plate heat exchanger, which is designed for 100% load. Installation of the double pump compensating losses of level of pressure is provided. The heating system is fed from the return pipeline of the heating networks.
This heating point can be additionally equipped with a hot water supply unit, a metering device, as well as other necessary units and assemblies.
DHW ITP
ITP (individual heating point) - independent, parallel and single-stage scheme. The package includes two plate-type heat exchangers, each of them is designed for 50% of the load. There is also a group of pumps designed to compensate for pressure drops.
Additionally, the heating point can be equipped with a heating system unit, a metering device and other necessary units and assemblies.
ITP for heating and hot water supply
In this case, the operation of an individual heating point (ITP) is organized according to an independent scheme. For the heating system, a plate heat exchanger is provided, which is designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, two-stage, with two plate-type heat exchangers. In order to compensate for the decrease in pressure, a group of pumps is provided.
The heating system is fed with the help of appropriate pumping equipment from the return pipeline of heating networks. The hot water supply is fed from the cold water supply system.
In addition, ITP (individual heating point) is equipped with a metering device.
ITP for heating, hot water supply and ventilation
The heating installation is connected according to an independent scheme. For the heating and ventilation system, a plate heat exchanger is used, designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, parallel, single-stage, with two plate heat exchangers, each designed for 50% of the load. The pressure drop is compensated by a group of pumps.
The heating system is fed from the return pipe of the heating networks. The hot water supply is made from the cold water supply system.
Additionally, an individual heat point in an apartment building can be equipped with a meter.
Working principle
The scheme of a heat point directly depends on the characteristics of the source that supplies energy to the ITP, as well as on the characteristics of the consumers it serves. The most common for this thermal installation is a closed hot water supply system with an independent connection of the heating system.
Individual substation operating principle is as follows:
- Through the supply pipeline, the coolant enters the IHS, gives off heat to the heaters of the heating and hot water supply system, and also enters the ventilation system.
- Then, the coolant is sent to the return pipeline and flows back through the main network for reuse to the heat generating enterprise.
- Some amount of coolant may be consumed by consumers. To make up for losses at the heat source, CHPPs and boiler houses are provided with make-up systems that use the water treatment systems of these enterprises as a heat source.
- The tap water entering the thermal installation flows through the pumping equipment of the cold water supply system. Then some of it is delivered to consumers, the other is heated in the first stage hot water heater, after which it is sent to the hot water circulation circuit.
- Water in the circulation circuit by means of circulation pumping equipment for hot water supply moves in a circle from the heat point toconsumers and vice versa. At the same time, as necessary, consumers take water from the circuit.
- As the fluid circulates around the circuit, it gradually releases its own heat. To maintain the temperature of the coolant at an optimal level, it is regularly heated in the second stage of the hot water heater.
- The heating system is also a closed circuit, along which the coolant moves with the help of circulation pumps from the heat point to consumers and back.
- During operation, coolant leaks from the heating system circuit may occur. Losses are replenished by the ITP make-up system, which uses primary heating networks as a heat source.
Approval for operation
To prepare an individual heating point in the house for admission to operation, it is necessary to submit the following list of documents to Energonadzor:
- The current technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their implementation from the energy supply organization.
- Project documentation with all necessary approvals.
- Act of responsibility of the parties for the operation and separation of balance sheet ownership, drawn up by the consumer and representatives of the energy supply organization.
- Act on readiness for permanent or temporary operation of a subscriber branch of a heating point.
- Passport of ITP with a brief description of heat supply systems.
- Certificate on the readiness of the heat meter.
- Certificate of conclusion of an agreement withenergy supply organization for heat supply.
- Act of acceptance of work performed (indicating the license number and date of issue) between the consumer and the installer.
- Order on the appointment of a person responsible for the safe operation and good condition of thermal installations and heating networks.
- List of operational and operational-repair responsible persons for the maintenance of heating networks and thermal installations.
- Copy of the welder's certificate.
- Certificates for used electrodes and pipelines.
- Acts for hidden work, an executive diagram of a heat substation indicating the numbering of fittings, as well as piping and shutoff valves.
- Act for flushing and pressure testing of systems (heating networks, heating system and hot water supply system).
- Job descriptions, fire safety and safety instructions.
- Operating instructions.
- Act of admission to the operation of networks and installations.
- Heat network order for connection.
Safety and operation
The personnel serving the heating point must have the appropriate qualifications, and responsible persons should also be familiarized with the operating rules that are specified in the technical documentation. This is a mandatory principle of an individual heat point,approved for service.
It is forbidden to start pumping equipment when the shut-off valves at the inlet are blocked and in the absence of water in the system.
During operation it is necessary:
- Control the pressure readings on the pressure gauges installed on the supply and return pipelines.
- Make sure there is no extraneous noise, and also avoid excessive vibration.
- To control the heating of the electric motor.
Do not apply excessive force when manually operating the valve, and do not disassemble the regulators when there is pressure in the system.
Before starting the substation, it is necessary to flush the heat consumption system and pipelines.
