In our article we will talk about a two-pipe heating system in private homes. From this engineering design depends on how well it will be in the room. Comfort is the most important thing to achieve when building a house. You can also highlight communications such as electricity, water supply, sewerage, even Internet access. They must be present in a modern home, because it is quite difficult to live without them.
Features of the heating system
In apartment buildings centralized heating. This gives residents an advantage - there is no need to think about heating during the entire cold season. Of course, inconveniences may appear before the start of the heating period (when it is still hot outside) and after it (when frosts crackle). But when building outside the city, you will have to resort to independentheating system design. In our article, we will consider which heating system is better - one-pipe or two-pipe. It can be built according to any scheme. We will also consider all their features, disadvantages and advantages.
The popularity of both systems is quite high, they are actively used even by experienced developers. But each has pros and cons, we will talk about them further. The design of the systems is as follows:
- Heating boiler. Its design can be absolutely any. You can also use any type of fuel, from straw to gas or kerosene.
- Pump for the circulation of the working fluid. With its help, the coolant is transferred from the boiler to the farthest corners of the main line.
The two-pipe system design is the most efficient and economical. It is also worth considering the presence on the boilers of various automation, shut-off valves, as well as other units that help to carefully control all the processes occurring in the system.
Single pipe system
Some builders are still undecided about which system is better. If you pay attention to practice, you can see that a lot depends on what design the house has. For example, if the house does not have a basement and only one floor, then the best option is to install a one-pipe system. Besides, it won't take much money to build it.
With this system, the pipes run from the boiler to the radiators. The coolant is pumped under pressure thanks to the pump. Heated water passes through all batteries. But in this case, there is one small nuance - those radiators that are close to the boiler will warm up more than those located at a distance. Therefore, a one-pipe system is best installed in small houses.
Horizontal systems
When making a two-pipe system, you will ensure that all batteries will warm up the same way. In this case, a slightly different outcome is implemented. A separate pipe is connected to the radiators, through which water is pumped. The so-called return line allows you to collect the cooled liquid and send it to the boiler for reheating. Most often, such designs of heating systems are used in the construction of multi-storey buildings.
Two types of systems can be distinguished:
- Vertical.
- With horizontal wiring.
Horizontal is usually used when the roof of the house is flat and there is a basement. Vertical wiring is ideal for building houses with a well-equipped attic. In this case, all heating equipment is installed there.
Wiring diagram for a two-pipe system
When making a two-pipe system, you guarantee yourself that all radiators will warm up the same way. This is very important as it greatly improves indoor comfort.
It is possible to distinguish such schemes of two-pipe wiring of heating systems:
- collectorcompound. At the same time, two pipes from the collector go to the radiators.
- Parallel connection of radiators.
The last type of connection is good because it provides the ability to regulate the temperature in each battery. But there is also a drawback - a lot of pipes, there is a locking equipment. But the most important disadvantage is the complex and rather costly installation work.
How is the system installed?
It is imperative that in the manufacture of the system it is necessary to divide into certain stages. The boiler is installed first. In this case, you need to put it in a separate room. Often a basement is equipped for this. If natural circulation is used, the boiler must be installed lower than pipes and radiators. After installing the boiler, it is connected to the expansion tank. It is installed as high as possible - in the attic or under the ceiling.
If the system has a pump, then the collector can be installed anywhere, as long as it is above the floor. But if the circulation is natural, then the collector should be placed just below the tank. After that, it is necessary to conduct a “hot” pipe to each radiator from the collector. Mount the "return" in the same way. The return pipes must be assembled into one circuit, it is connected to the boiler.
Be sure to weld another pipe to the expansion tank - it should be done at the very top. It is designed to drain excess water. When boiling, the liquid is displaced from the radiators of the two-pipe heating system and enters the tank. When the water coolsre-enters the system.
Varieties of the two-pipe system
As the name implies, a two-pipe system has two pipes through which the working fluid flows. When the water in the radiator is cooled, it does not immediately go to another, but goes back to the boiler for heating. As a result, all inputs to the heaters will have the same temperature.
Installation can be done in one of the following ways:
- Horizontal is a pretty good choice if the area of the house is not very large. But be sure to install circulation pumps, they exclude the appearance of traffic jams.
- Vertical - ideal for large houses with several floors. But it is also necessary to use a pump, because the efficiency of the system in this case is much higher.
Separation of structures
In the direction of the coolant supply, it is possible to divide into the following types:
- Two-pipe dead-end scheme - the direction of movement of water along the hot and cold circuits is different. This design is very similar to a single-pipe, but all batteries are connected in parallel. It is worth noting the low cost of such a design.
- Direct-flow - water moves in one direction along both circuits. Such schemes are good because they do not have pressure drops.
System Benefits
With the help of any two-pipe heating system, you can quickly and efficiently distribute heat throughout all rooms, no matter how far it is fromboiler. At the same time, for any coolant, the temperature will be unchanged and stable. This is quite convenient, especially when it comes to houses with two or three floors.
Can the temperature be adjusted?
Modern two-pipe type systems are quite simple, they work on the same principle. A single pipe is used, called a manifold. The coolant is supplied to the radiators separately. To transport the used coolant, which has a rather low temperature, a pipe is used, which is called a return pipe. It must be present in such a system. Connecting a two-pipe heating system without it is simply impossible to do.
With the help of such a system, the same temperature is set throughout the house. However, if necessary, the owners can adjust the level of heating. To do this, separate regulators are installed in each room, with the help of which they change the degree of heating of the room.
Main components of a two-pipe system
There are two main groups of heaters in the system:
- The main devices, which include radiators, thermal valves, pressure regulators, air vents, shut-off valves. These devices can be of various designs, it all depends on the room in which they are used. All these components are available both in the two-pipe heating system of a two-story house and a one-story house.
- Device for temperature control. ATThe design of the two-pipe system includes devices that help to regulate the temperature. For example, the most popular are thermostats, heads, valves, servo drives.
It should be noted that there are a lot of different equipment in the design of a two-pipe heating system. On the one hand, this is a significant advantage, since it is possible to increase the efficiency of the system. But there is also a drawback - the reliability of the system depends on the quality of its worst component.
How to make a hydraulic heating calculation?
Before the actual implementation of the project, it is necessary to create a scheme in which all the features of the system must be taken into account. Be sure to make a hydraulic calculation, with its help are determined:
- Approximate water flow in various places of the main, as well as pressure loss.
- The most optimal pipe sizes in various areas. This is necessary in order to achieve the optimal water circulation rate when using the minimum cross section.
- The method of making reinforcement linkage for adjustment. This is done in order to balance the system when working in different modes.
Calculation of the heating system
It should be noted that first you need to select several options for systems, and only after that to implement them hydraulically grows. It is in such projects that the locations of radiators are set, as well as their typical sizes, the balance of heat in the room, and the design configuration are calculated. Separate sections are also taken into account, most importantlycirculation ring, pipe dimensions, type, location of control and shutoff valves. If you want to save money, you can make a two-pipe heating system from polypropylene. But this must be taken into account when designing.
As a rule, calculations are made in the following ways:
- Monitoring of coolant pressure losses opens, local resistances are taken into account, it is provided by fittings and various equipment. Separately, individual sections and the system as a whole are inspected. The optimal distribution of the liquid must then be calculated depending on the thermal loads and pressure losses.
- Be sure to take into account the characteristics of conductivity and resistance. At the output, it is necessary to obtain the most accurate data, for example, how much heat is planned to be consumed by water in certain areas. If temperature readings are available, significant changes can be made to the distribution of fluid flows. This technique is more suitable for calculating systems in which circulation pumps are installed.
Procedure and features of installation work
When designing, it is imperative to take into account what diameter of the two-pipe heating system will be used. Regardless of which house the system is installed in, the list of works will be as follows:
- Installing radiators. Fitting components, Mayevsky cranes, plugs are installed on them. They are fixed in the designated places.
- If the system is completely autonomous, then it is necessary to install a heating boiler. It can be installed or hung, be sure to connect to the chimney. Of course, electrical devices do not need this.
- The distribution unit is assembled with a collector, if it is provided for by the design of a two-pipe heating system at home.
- Piping in progress. It is desirable to place them in the cavities of the frame, and can also be laid in the strobes of walls or floors. The main thing is to ensure that they are not visible. Please note that pipes located in cement must be insulated with foam materials. Free thermal expansion must be made at the end of each straight section.
- Installation of control valves, pumping equipment and expansion tank.
- The boiler is finally tied up, it is attached to the switch cabinet and radiators.
- The tightness of all connections without exception is checked. Be sure to check the reliability of all components during installation. After that, it is necessary to pressurize the heating system. This is done with a pressure test that is well above the minimum level.
- The system is being filled with liquid, air must be bled from all heaters.
- The regulator, which is located on the radiators, allows you to balance the system in order to achieve the most optimal distribution of the coolant across all devices.
This is how a two-pipe heating system is installed in a private house. But whether you need it - decide for yourself. After all, with a small areabuildings are fairly simple one-pipe.
