Devices such as dust collectors (cyclones) are used in water-heating solid fuel boilers, vacuum cleaners, cars, etc. They are designed to clean air from particles of solid non-sticking ash or dust with a diameter of more than five microns, as well as dusty gases. A modern cyclone can have a different capacity, which varies from 6,500 to 43,000 cubic meters of air per hour, and the cleaning efficiency reaches 80%. These indicators testify to the quality work of such an installation.
Gravity dust collectors
Cyclones of this type are the simplest devices. The principle of operation is as follows: polluted air enters the chamber, expands there, and its speed decreases. This causes solid particles to settle under their own weight.
Inertialdust collectors
Devices of this type are divided into wet and dry. They differ in the principle of operation. For example, consider dry dust collectors. Rotary cyclones in appearance resemble a fan. However, there is a difference between these two devices: the dust collector not only moves the air, but also cleans it of dust. This process occurs under the influence of centrifugal force on the impeller.
Wet dust collectors, such as cyclone washers, work differently from dry type devices. First of all, they are equipped with a special water tank that provides constant water pressure so that it passes through the inlet pipe and falls on the bottom of the distributor. Polluted air, penetrating inside the cyclone, begins to interact with water. As a result, due to inertial forces, dust settles on the surface of the walls.
Battery cyclones: design features
This type of device has a certain design, which includes from 16 to 56 cyclone elements with a diameter of 245 mm. They, in turn, consist of hollow cylindrical bodies, the lower part of which is made in the form of a cone with inlet nozzles placed on it, equipped with so-called semi-volutes. These elements also contain vertically arranged exhaust pipes inside.
Each battery cyclone consists of three chambers:
- Vertical - for purified gases.
- Medium - for dusty gases.
- Lower - made in the form of a dust bin.
Key Features of Battery Cyclones
One of the most important features of battery cyclones is the complete absence of disconnected sections, which ensures the inseparable flow. It is thanks to this that these dust collectors can work in full. Cyclones of this type do not need performance adjustment. Their effectiveness can be significantly reduced only if used for a group of boilers. Therefore, it is recommended to install such a device on only one boiler room. As a rule, cyclones are mounted near the rear of the unit in front of the exhauster itself.
Working principle: brief description
In order to make a cyclone dust collector with your own hands, you need to know the principle of its operation well. It is this knowledge that will help to effectively apply this device in various industries.
So, let's look at the principle of operation of the dust collector. The polluted gas medium at a speed of about 20-25 meters per second is first fed into the middle chamber. There it is divided into equal streams and directed to cyclone elements. After that, a rapid spiral-rotational movement begins. Due to the forces of inertia, dust and ash particles gradually settle on the walls of the cleaning plant and are picked up by another air flow, eventually falling into the lower chamber. The purified gas medium is directed upward through the inner tube of the cyclone and discharged into the surrounding atmosphere.
Dust collectors (battery cyclones) are commonly used in:
- industrial ventilation systems;
- heating and industrial boiler houses;
- drying units of briquette and processing plants, etc.
