In our article we will look at how to make a garden stove yourself. What it is for is up to you. Someone dreams of a multifunctional device that will replace him with a barbecue, a barbecue, and even a grill. And someone is forced to build such stoves, since there is no gas in the village, but somehow you need to cook. This is especially true for holiday villages located far from cities.
Why choose this oven?
The summer stove in the garden is ideal for giving. All preparations for the winter can be done on the street, and not steamed indoors. You can, of course, use a gas stove, but there are two nuances. The first is that even if there is gas in the house, tapping into pipes is prohibited and punishable by a large fine. Secondly, you can put a gas cylinder, but it needs to be filled somewhere, and this is often a problem.
As for the stove, which will be discussed in our article, it runs on cheap fuel: wood, coal, dry fallen wood orconstruction chips. In addition, by building such an outdoor garden stove, you will get the opportunity to use it as a smokehouse, barbecue or grill at any time of the year. It all depends on what dish you want to cook. Needless to say, homemade smoked meats are much tastier and safer than those we see in stores.
What to build - an oven or a smokehouse?
It should be noted that the smokehouse and the oven are different devices. It is necessary to squeeze out maximum heat from the furnace, not to allow it to dissipate into the surrounding space. For this reason, the furnace must be designed in such a way that the fuel is burned to ash. But the smokehouse gives out a small efficiency, produces a lot of smoke. But this smoke is not simple - it should not contain residues of unburned fuel. You should end up with smoked products, not sooty.
And most importantly, the smoke should not contain harmful substances. That is, if it is possible to load (figuratively, of course) even rubber or pieces of plastic into the oven used for heating, which will burn out without residues, then this is forbidden to do in the smokehouse. But let's talk a little about the features of smoking.
Smoking at home
Please note that it is undesirable to smoke products at a temperature of 35..50 degrees. In this case, the likelihood of condensate containing acid increases. There are three types of smoking:
- Cold - less than 35 degrees. Products are prepared in advance in brine (a saturated solution of table s alt). Right before downloadthe product is soaked into the smokehouse. The product should be prepared for approximately 5-6 days, no breaks are allowed. A product prepared in this way can even be stored for several years.
- Semi-hot - while the temperature is about 60..70 degrees. First, the product is prepared - it is soaked for a short time in brine, then it is smoked for no more than 48 hours. In rare cases, the product is stored for a month, usually no more than a week.
- Hot smoking - temperature 85..120 degrees. It is not necessary to prepare food, the maximum cooking time is 5 hours. But it all depends on the type of product. Fish and lard, for example, are smoked for no more than 25-30 minutes. But the product has a short shelf life - a maximum of 36 hours.
Now you know all the features of smoking. We can conclude that the smokehouse and the oven should not be combined in the same building. After all, the primary task in the construction of the furnace is to squeeze out the maximum heat, not smoke. Therefore, it is better to use stoves with low efficiency for a smokehouse.
Kiln Construction: Foundation
Now that you have decided a bit what exactly you want to build, you can start building. And the very first thing that will have to be done is the base for the oven. To do this, dig a small pit, its depth should be about 30 cm. It is advisable to carefully tamp the bottom, pre-level it. Then you pour a layer of sand 15 cm to the bottom, crushed stone on top of it to level it with the ground. All backfill must be carefully leveled. It is recommended that the size of the pit be 40 cm larger than the ovens (20 cm on each side).
You can use a ready-made concrete slab - lay it on gravel. But you can make the base yourself. To do this, put the formwork from the boards, inside you assemble the lattice from the reinforcement. The height of the formwork is not more than 15 cm. It is recommended to use mortar grade M250 and higher for the construction of garden stoves made of bricks. But keep in mind that the higher the index in the name of the brand of cement, the faster the solution hardens. Therefore, when using cement grade M500, for example, it is recommended to immediately fill the pit. Otherwise, the solution will be taken by a stone and it will not be possible to use it for its intended purpose.
The base for the stove in the gazebo
When building a stove in a gazebo or on a veranda with a wooden floor (provided that its bearing capacity is quite high), the removal of the base must be done based on fire safety rules:
- From the side of the firebox door - 60 cm.
- On the other sides - at least 30 cm.
Asbestos cardboard with a thickness of at least 4 mm should be laid on the floor. Mineral cardboard can also be used, but the thickness must be 6 mm or more. After the metal flooring is laid, it is wetted from above with a clay-based liquid solution. A layer of felt or bas alt cardboard is laid on top. The oven can be started after the impregnation has dried.
Material for building a stove
It should be noted right away that ovens can only be built from brick or metal. A cast iron garden stove, as well as a brick one, can be usedas a barbecue or grill. For laying the stove, it is recommended to use only bricks that can withstand high temperatures.
Silicate is not recommended, as it does not withstand high temperatures and quickly cracks. As for fireclay, it also cannot be used in outdoor construction - it has a very high absorption of moisture, so it can collapse during frosts. The use of fireclay bricks is justified only in the construction of indoor stoves (in baths, residential buildings, etc.). It cannot be used outdoors.
As for gas and foam blocks, they are also not recommended. When exposed to temperature, the crystallized water inside the material evaporates. As a result, after a few years, or even months, this material will turn into dust. And such a stove for a garden house will very quickly become unusable, and all the effort and money will be wasted.
Masonry Mortar
And now we begin the construction of the main part of the furnace. Let's look at which solutions are best used for laying garden stoves with your own hands. Simple clay will not work, as it will quickly become sour when idle in autumn and spring. Furnaces, in which the regime is not very stressful, can be placed on a mortar of M250 cement and sand. It is advisable to reinforce the seams with a steel mesh (at least 3 mm thick). But it is worth noting that the service life of such furnaces is no more than 7 years.
If you want a long-lasting stove, buy a special mix for outdoor stoves. The mixture must be prepared strictly according to the instructions, otherwise the quality will be impaired. In fact, it is a mixture of cement, sand and clay. But the last component is of very high quality, making such a mixture at home is problematic.
Method of making masonry mortar
If you decide to save money, but build a quality oven, you can use a simple recipe for making masonry mortar:
- Grey or white greasy clay dissolves in a large amount of water and sour for about 3 days.
- The first two days you need to occasionally stir the clay, the third day it settles.
- Then, the entire suspension must be drained, and the clay sediment should be pushed through a sieve with a cell of no more than one and a half millimeters. Then dry the entire solution in the shade.
- Dry clay is crushed to a fraction of less than 1.5 mm.
- Cement is added, it is desirable to use grade M400 or higher. Cement should be approximately 10-15% of the amount of clay.
- Take a fat test.
- Add sand (fraction no more than 1.5 mm). You can not use rounded river quartz or ravine sand, it is best to use mountain sand.
Now the mixture is ready to use, it is recommended to use it immediately. When laying a garden stove-brazier, the same mortars are used as in the construction of a barbecue.
Ways to protect seams
Completely protect the seams are notit will turn out neither with tiles, nor with plaster, nor even with natural stone. Wetting will still be observed. It is best used to protect the grout with porcelain tile adhesive. Grouting is recommended only after the final drying of the masonry (at a temperature of 15 degrees, it will take at least 20 days). It is advisable to put a canopy over the stove for the period until the solution dries. This will avoid uneven heating under the sun.
Internal seams are much easier to protect - during downtime, it is enough to close all openings and openings with bags of dry grass or rags. If the temperature inside the building is at least a degree higher than outside, the possibility of condensation is completely excluded. It is advisable to heat the oven with shavings, paper, straw or hay before the first use. Warming up should be carried out until the smoke from the chimney becomes almost transparent. Only after that you can put the garden barbecue oven into operation.
