Owning your own land gives a lot of privileges to a modern person, especially if the main part of his life takes place in the city. A small plot or a full-fledged orchard can bring variety to life, become a recreation area or a treasury of natural fruits. To maximize the use of natural resources, the layout of the garden or plot must be carefully thought out and implemented taking into account the smallest aspects of future exploitation.
Grid layout
Any planning begins with the formation of a scheme. To do this, you can use a regular sheet of paper and a pencil with a ruler. The essence of the method is to visualize and visualize the location of household objects on the site: paths, places with green spaces, decorative elements and other garden attributes. By applying the grid, not only the layout of the garden and vegetable garden is formed, but also lines of symmetry are worked out when arranging objects. This is important if the greatest emphasis is placed on the aesthetic function of the territory.
The grid pitch should be determined by the size of the house and the plot itself. for gardens,the area of which is not more than 6 acres, the step can correspond to two real meters, and if it exceeds 20 acres, then you can make indents equivalent to three meters. In the designated cells, you can mark the location of green plantings, gazebos, buildings, beds, utilities, pools, etc. The main task at this stage is to roughly outline a plan in which user requests will be taken into account and compared with the capabilities of a particular garden or site.
What factors are considered during planning?
Inclusion in the project of certain functional areas will depend on the conditions in which the site will be operated. In this regard, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden should take into account the following factors:
- Possibilities of distribution of the area for fruit trees with lush crowns. The presence of one such instance will require up to 4 square meters of free space.
- Characteristics of the soil. Fruit plants are distinguished by a powerful root structure, which only fertile soil can provide. It is difficult to get a good harvest on rocky, clay or sandy soil. In addition, the level of groundwater must be taken into account.
- Relief. On uneven ground, it is desirable to break an ornamental garden. The layout of the site for the garden requires an equal area, since cold air will linger in the hollows and hollows and moisture will accumulate - such places are not suitable for fruit vegetation.
- Opening to the sun. Green spaces should be protected fromwind and at the same time access to light and heat. Therefore, it is necessary to foresee the possibility of creating favorable conditions on the existing site in advance. If this is not possible, some varieties of trees will have to be abandoned.
Preparatory work
If there is a need to create a flat area, then you should start with adjusting the landscape. When the site is leveled, you should proceed to the formation of pits and pits for the septic tank and reservoir (if any in the project). The soil itself can be kept in its current state if it is planned to equip a personal plot-garden. The garden, the layout of which previously did not affect the soil layer, must be dug up, and the weeds on its territory are destroyed.
If the area is large, then manual weeding can be very laborious, so it will not be superfluous to use special preparations for spraying unwanted vegetation. It is not recommended to get rid of old fruit trees, even if they do not bear fruit. Firstly, they can provide shade, which is important for beds, and secondly, it can take years for the formation of new trees.
Communications
A modern site cannot be imagined without an established engineering infrastructure. Such systems will facilitate the operation and maintenance of the site, increase its functionality and create additional conditions for recreation. In particular, the layout of the garden may include drainage systems, sewerage, organization of the passage of the gas pipeline andwater supply. It is also necessary to provide for the presence of a well, septic tank or well. These engineering objects should be located at a sufficient distance from each other. It is impossible not to provide for a street lighting system in the garden. It is desirable to conduct electrical wiring at a depth of about 70 cm. Laying must be carried out before plants are planted and garden paths are equipped.
Regular or landscaping?
There are two approaches to organizing green spaces in the garden: landscape and regular. There is no strict boundary between these concepts, but there are certain rules that adherents of these ideas are guided by. So, if the landscape planning of the backyard garden is being carried out, then the free arrangement of trees, plants and ornamental shrubs is permissible. In this case, it is possible to mix fruit and vegetable crops with vegetation that performs an aesthetic function. In practice, close matching is rare, but there is no clear order in creating such schemes either.
The regular concept involves planting shrubs, trees and vegetables in the garden in strictly formed rows at a certain distance from each other. That is, the layout of the garden can reflect the arrangement of beds, flower beds and lines with planting trees in the form of squares or rectangles.
Where and what plants to plant?
Initially, you should choose those varieties that can develop and bear fruit precisely in thoseclimatic conditions where the site is located. For example, the middle lane provides good conditions for the growth of apple, pear, cherry, cherry plum and plum. In warm regions, apricots and cherries take root well. Among the berry bushes that also grow in these latitudes, currants, blackberries, gooseberries and raspberries can be distinguished. By the way, in a small area, it is advisable to plant bushes around the perimeter of the site.
The listed varieties will allow you to form a harmonious personal plot-garden. A vegetable garden that also includes space for vegetable beds may contain cucumbers, cabbages, peas, celery, potatoes, and other crops that can grow in close proximity. The layout of the beds can be different and not necessarily strictly symmetrical. For example, there is an option in which the center of the site is indicated with the help of a decorative plate, from which garden paths go. The beds are located between them, with crops of a certain type growing on each lane.
Economic block
Functionally, this is the most important part of the site, as it will be responsible for all the technical support of the area. According to the zoning rules, no more than 30% of the entire territory is allocated for this part. This block may include a utility room, a poultry house, a hay shed, a storage room, a workshop, a toilet with a shower, and other facilities. When determining the place for the location of buildings, it is important not to forget about keeping the boundaries of the sanitary zone, taking into account which the garden is planned. A photo illustrating an example of organizing a utility block on a site is presented below.
Recreation area
Whether it's a small plot of land or a spacious garden - it must have a corner where you can rest after a hard day on the beds or spend a real feast with entertainment in the fresh air. Even a compact garden layout on 6 acres may include a modest, but harmoniously inscribed gazebo. Needless to say about large areas where you can organize a summer kitchen, equip a swimming pool, build an observation deck and much more. The list of ideas for implementation is limited only by the possibilities of the area and the desire of the owner. But in any case, the recreation area should have a well-thought-out location relative to other functional areas. It is desirable to remove it as much as possible from utility blocks and communication facilities.
Conclusion
There are no clear rules for drawing up planning schemes for plots and gardens in our time, as owners are increasingly striving to individualize their own property. The garden layout created with his own hands embodies the owner’s aesthetic view of the organization of a “piece of nature” and his requests in the functional provision of the site. Of course, it is one thing to plan the future organization of the garden, and another to implement it. Moreover, green spaces sometimes require several seasons to show their decorative qualities and bear their first fruits. And yet, when this happens, every novice gardener understands that everything was notin vain.
