Construction of a building is a costly business, independent design of a bath can help to significantly reduce costs. With some skills, you can develop a drawing yourself. What does he mean and what are the standards for the construction of a bath in a summer cottage?
Choosing a seat
Before starting any work on the site, you should decide on the location of the future bath. In this case, you should consider how much space you need to allocate for construction. You also need to take into account all possible adjoining buildings - a summer kitchen, a garage, a rest room, a bathroom.
Most often, a bath is a separate building next to the house. In some cases, it makes sense to connect the buildings with a terrace. When designing a bath, you should also take into account the relief of the site. If it has an uneven surface, then it is recommended to place the sauna on a hill. If there is a reservoir near the site, then the bath should be at least 15 m away from it.
When choosing a site for construction on the site, you should first of all be guided by your own interests and convenience. So, for example, more oftenbaths are located near the residential building so that in the cold season there is no need to dress warmly to get to the steam room.
Building dimensions
The calculation of the size of the future building is determined from the maximum number of people that it can accommodate. On average, 5-6 people visit baths and saunas at the same time. For such a number of vacationers, the optimal size of the bath is 6.0x4.0 m. At the same time, the building accommodates a steam room, a relaxation room, a shower room and a bathroom.
When designing a bath, the personal preferences of the owner of the site are taken into account. Sometimes rest rooms are added, which can play the role of a guest house, as well as additional equipment of the main rooms. Their dimensions should match the desired amount of furniture, as well as have enough free space for a comfortable stay of guests.
On average, one person in a steam room needs 1 sq. m of space and, accordingly, 1.5-2 sq. m in the lounge. The height of the shelves in the steam room should be comfortable even for people who are tall. On average, if the height of the shelves from the floor is 0.9 m, then the ceiling height should be at least 2.1 m. Ceilings that are too high should also not be done, as it will take more time and fuel to heat the entire building.
When designing Russian baths, the dimensions of the shelves in the steam room are laid, which are stationary and attached to the wall. The optimal size is considered to be 0.5 m wide, the length is determinedsteam room size.
Waiting room (or vestibule)
First of all, a person entering the bathhouse gets into the dressing room. It is a small room that is designed for changing clothes, storing things, stocking firewood for the stove.
If the space of the room allows, furniture can be placed in the dressing room - a table, chairs or benches, cabinets for storing things. The room also has windows. They must be located at a height of at least 1 m from the floor and have double glazing. The entrance door is standard - 1, 8x0, 8 m, with an outward opening mechanism. If the bath involves winter use, attention should be paid to the insulation of the door.
Steam room
When designing baths and saunas, special attention is always paid to the steam room, since this room is the key one in the structure. It must have good waterproofing to protect the walls of the building from destruction under the influence of moisture and high temperatures.
The main equipment of the steam room, of course, is the stove. The ideal option is to build a brick oven, but it is large and may not fit into a small bath for 2-3 people.
Metal oven is also a common option due to affordable acquisition and installation costs. At the same time, it is necessary to protect it from people with a thin, low brick wall in order to avoid possible burns from accidental touches. In order for such a stove to effectively heat the entire building of the bath, it should be positioned so that the firebox is inrest room, and the heater in the steam room.
Windows in the steam room are not provided, it is recommended to install a ventilation duct for air circulation. If you still want to have a window in the steam room, you should use the following recommendations:
- window must be double glazed;
- optimal dimensions are 0.3x0.3 m;
- the window is located under the ceiling of the room.
If you make a window opening on the west side, you can get more natural light. The door to the steam room should not be too high, it has parameters of 1.5x0.8 m and a high threshold.
Shower room
The design and construction of baths always provides for the presence of a shower room, even if the place for construction is limited. It is used to rinse before or after a visit to the bath, and in the hot season can serve as a summer shower.
The shower room is equipped with a boiler for heating water, or a central water supply is supplied to the building. At the same time, it is important to decide how the water disposal will be carried out - the central sewerage system or the arrangement of a septic tank (cesspool).
Norms when designing a bath suggest the following parameters for arranging a shower room:
- a room that is designed for 3 people must have parameters of at least 1.8x1.8 square meters. m;
- when equipping shower cabins, the space should be calculated at 0.9 m for each;
- if a window is required, it must be located at a height of at least 1.5 m from the floorand have double glazing;
- door to the shower room standard - 1, 8x0, 8 m.
If the space of the site for the construction of a bath allows, a pool or a font is arranged in the shower room.
Designing a bathroom
Without a toilet, it is impossible to imagine almost any building that has the functions of a sauna or living quarters. To equip a minimum bathroom to accommodate one toilet bowl, 1, 2x0, 8 square meters are required. m. In the presence of additional plumbing or furniture, the area, respectively, increases. Most often, bathroom equipment consists of a toilet, sink, mirror, laundry basket and washing machine.
Bath foundation
When designing baths, houses should be located at a distance of at least 10 m, so the smoke from the chimney will not be blown into the living quarters. In addition, great attention should be paid to the foundation. There are several varieties:
- Screw foundation - the fastest in the construction, and also relatively inexpensive. In addition, the design allows for installation work at any time of the year on any type of soil.
- Strip base is often used for buildings with two or more floors. It is a moat filled with reinforced concrete, which is located around the perimeter of the building. The construction may take several weeks, given the complete curing of the concrete solution.
- Column foundationis an economical solution for small one-story baths. It is a column of asbestos-cement pipes, which are installed in the ground and poured with concrete. Requires minor excavation.
The choice of the type of foundation depends on the size of the building, as well as the type of soil and the personal wishes of the owner of the site.
Kiln foundation
When designing a bath, the installation of a brick or metal stove can be provided. In the first case, heating equipment requires the construction of a separate base. At the same time, its depth should not be less than the depth of the main foundation.
In appearance of the finished base, the foundation for the furnace looks like a pedestal. At the same time, it should be located slightly higher than the floor covering. Since the construction of a brick kiln involves a large weight load, as well as heating, the foundation for the kiln is built using a large amount of crushed stone of various fractions, which is poured with a cement-sand mixture.
Indoor ventilation system
Ventilation of the building can be carried out by opening the windows that are provided in each room of the bath, or by designing a ventilation system.
In this case, supply and exhaust channels are developed that have the same diameters. If the construction is planned from a log house, then you can cope with the problem of ventilation of the premises by simply leaving the fastening of the lower rims free so that the air through the cracks hasthe ability to circulate.
Choice of material for construction
In the recommendations for the design of baths from professional builders, you can find the following popular building materials for the construction of a steam room:
- Log saunas. Such types of wood are suitable for construction - debarked, scraped, rounded, planed logs, gun carriages. They have differences in the degree of processing, but they are equally used for the construction of steam rooms.
- Baths made of glued beams are distinguished by a relatively affordable cost of construction, as well as the possibility of designing a bath with a complex design.
- Brick buildings have gained popularity due to their durability, but such buildings cannot be called cheap. When choosing brick as a building material, special attention should be paid to ventilation.
- Baths made of gas silicate blocks can be installed even on problematic soils, as they do not require a reinforced foundation. At the same time, the building material has a small weight and large dimensions. In addition, it can be easily processed to change shape.
Calculations on the amount of necessary building materials can be performed in computer programs for designing baths or manually, while all the nuances of the future building that affect the dimensions should be taken into account.
