Sedimentary drainage is a question that often arises during the construction of houses. First of all, I want to know how to organize the system so that water does not flood the foundation and facade. At the same time, it should not fall on the heads of random passers-by. A fairly simple answer can be given to all these questions: it is necessary to carry out the installation of gutters. The instructions below will help you avoid many problems during the installation process.
Selection of materials
This should be done before the installation of the roof and gutters. In this case, it is necessary to make measurements and make calculations. The diversion system may consist of metal or PVC elements. Next, consider them in more detail.
Features of galvanized steel
This system is considered the cheapest option. It is she who is most often used by housing and communal organizations. In most cases, the galvanized system is severely damaged. This is due to the frequent clearing of the roof from icicles, ice and snow. If scrap is used, thengalvanized steel is the more economical option.
Most popular options
It is worth noting that do-it-yourself installation of gutters using galvanized steel elements is very rare in private construction. In most of these cases, the following materials are used:
- Metal elements with a polymer coating.
- Plastic.
- Painted metal.
Copper drain can give the house a special charm. However, it is most often used in high-end construction and on related roofs. A metal system with a polymer coating should be selected taking into account the tone of the facade or roof. This system is not at all afraid of frost. However, it is worth noting that thanks to it noise is created. Metal removal elements are used in those houses that have a roof made of a similar material. It is advisable to install plastic gutters when flexible tiles are used as a coating.
Gutter systems
Installation of elements must be carried out according to technology. The reliability and security of the roof depends on this. For the house, you can use the internal or external structure. In regions where a harsh climate prevails, it is recommended to use the first option. In addition, the installation of internal gutters can be carried out on flat roofs. In this case, a slope is equipped. It should point towards the inner hopper.
Maininstallation features
Installation of downpipes indoors has its own nuances. First of all, you need to observe the distance from the walls.
Do-it-yourself installation of gutters involves the use of the following elements:
- connectors for system revision;
- collector;
- pipeline;
- receiving funnel.
The rainfall from this system is fed into the storm sewer. It is required to comply with SNIP 2.04.01-85. Do-it-yourself installation of an external type of drainage is carried out if a storm sewer is not provided in the house. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that moisture does not erode the nearby area. Do-it-yourself installation of gutters is carried out according to plan. It must be drawn up before the arrangement of the roof begins. Many begin installing gutters with their own hands when the construction and decoration of the house is completed. In fact, this approach is wrong.
Design elements
Gutter outdoor system consists of the following three parts:
- drain;
- trumpet;
- chute.
The latter is fastened with hooks or brackets. The pipe is mounted using pins with clamps.
Types of gutters
In most cases, such gutter structures are made of galvanized steel. This option has alternatives. This is a complete roof drainage system. Currently, it is widely offered by modern manufacturers. If the second option is chosen,independent production of gutters is not necessary. You can buy plastic or metal structures that have a different section:
- semicircular;
- trapezoidal;
- rectangular.
Features of the calculation of the drain
This can be started after the final selection of materials. Requires calculation of the system, which consists of the following elements:
- drainpipes (with fixing brackets and couplings);
- bends and turns for gutters;
- catchment funnel;
- gutter (with fixing brackets and couplings).
Important points
First of all, you need to take into account the area of the roof. This is an indicator of the choice of the number of funnels and the diameter of the gutter. The complexity of the roof structure also affects this factor. It is recommended to entrust accurate calculations to specialists. However, you can cope with this task on your own. In this case, all recommendations must be taken into account.
Preliminary calculations
Small buildings (up to 70 sqm) require pipes up to 75mm in diameter and gutters up to 120mm. Average roof sizes - up to 110 square meters. m. Large buildings (the roof area of which is more than 110 sq. M.) suggest the presence of gutters up to 200 mm wide. In this case, the cross section of the pipe can reach 160 mm. The recommended slope of the gutters in the system is up to 5 mm per 1 m.
Installation
It is best to start installing before the roofing process. However, the reverse option is used quite often. First of all, the brackets are attached to the rafter system or frontal board. Depending on the material, their distance is calculated. In some cases, corners and funnels require the installation of additional brackets. You must not forget about the slope. Then you need to pull the rope. The existing two points are used up to the next edge of the roof. Thus, it will be very convenient to navigate. After that, gutters are hung on the hooks of the brackets. They are located in the center of the roof cut.
Working algorithm
Do-it-yourself installation of plastic gutters is done by cold welding and with the help of rubber seals. Special sealants are also very often used during installation. After that, the installation of spillway funnels is carried out. Special holes are cut on the gutters. The top of the funnel is smeared with glue. After that, it connects to the gutter. Do-it-yourself installation of plastic gutters is carried out in compliance with a certain distance from the wall. It is up to 10 cm. In this case, the brackets are installed after 2 meters. This also includes pipe connections.
Installation of heating gutters
The installation of such a system can significantly increase the service life of the lead elements. If you do not install it, frost will form in the gutters under the influence of temperature changes. It significantly increases the mechanical load on the brackets for fastening pipes and other elements. Thus, the service life of the entire drainage system is significantly reduced. In the most neglected cases, facade elements are destroyed and roof leaks occur. Installing heating cables is a must. Thanks to this, frost will not form on the elements of the drainage system. Other places where there is a high probability of its occurrence are also protected. In addition, the heating cable improves the performance of the drain during the entire snow period. As a rule, during thaws, outdoor temperatures fluctuate in the following range: -5 … +3 degrees. Thus, favorable conditions are created for the formation of icicles and ice. In most cases, special thermoregulation systems and air temperature sensors are installed on heating cables. Thanks to them, the system works automatically.
Choosing a place for styling
The heating cable is installed in the following areas:
- valleys (lines of joints of roof slopes);
- roof eaves;
- drainage and catchment trays;
- craters and areas around them;
- storm sewer pipes;
- gutter gutters.
Cable calculations
The minimum linear power of this element is up to 30 watts. In accordance with the length of the drain, it should grow - up to 70 W / m. Residual current devices must be installed on the cables. Duringdesigning a heating system, the length of horizontal structural elements and valleys is calculated. This also applies to the number and height of the drainpipes.
Cable installation features
This item must be combined with the roof heating system.
The gutter design includes the following elements:
- Power distribution systems.
- Control panel with protective automatics.
- Temperature controller or weather station.
- Heating sections.
When installing the system, it is required to place the cable directly in the place where the water flows. For beginners, this task may seem daunting. The fact is that you cannot make holes in the drainage system.
